Gender identity, or people's deeply felt, internal sense of their gender, plays an important role in aggression perpetration and victimization. In this article, I review and organize the psychological research literatures on gender identity–based aggression. I first discuss the need to move beyond binary, cisgender understandings of gender by embracing expansive definitions that more fully capture people's experiences and identities. Next, I summarize relevant research indicating two paths from gender identity to aggression. In one path, individuals with a more masculine (i.e., dominant, agentic) gender identity use aggression proactively, motivated by pursuit of social dominance. In another path, individuals with a more uncertain (i.e., insecure, precarious) gender identity use aggression defensively—and often toward vulnerable, gender nonconforming targets—as a means of protecting their gender identity against threats. I end by identifying important areas for future research and considering how interventions might best mitigate gender identity–based aggression.

中文翻译：

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性别认同和侵略


性别认同，或人们内心深处感受到的性别意识，在侵略行为和受害者化中起着重要作用。在本文中，我回顾和整理了关于基于性别认同的攻击行为的心理学研究文献。我首先讨论了超越对性别的二元、顺性别理解的必要性，采用更充分地捕捉人们经历和身份的广泛定义。接下来，我总结了相关研究，指出了从性别认同到侵略的两条路径。在一条路径中，具有更男性化（即主导性、代理性）性别认同的个体在追求社会主导地位的动机下主动使用攻击性。在另一条路径中，具有更不确定（即不安全、不稳定）的性别认同的个体会防御性地使用攻击性攻击——并且通常是针对脆弱的、性别不一致的目标——作为保护其性别认同免受威胁的一种手段。最后，我确定了未来研究的重要领域，并考虑了干预措施如何最好地减轻基于性别认同的攻击。