All cells are exposed to chemicals that can damage their nucleic acids. Cells must protect these polymers because they code for key factors or complexes essential for life. Much of the work on nucleic acid damage has naturally focused on DNA, partly due to the connection between mutagenesis and human disease, especially cancer. Recent work has shed light on the importance of RNA damage, which triggers a host of conserved RNA quality control mechanisms. Because many RNA species are transient, and because of their ability to be retranscribed, RNA damage has largely been ignored. Yet, because of the connection between damaged RNA and DNA during transcription, and the association between essential complexes that process or decode RNAs, notably spliceosomes and ribosomes, the appropriate handling of damaged RNAs is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. This notion is bolstered by disease states, including neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases, that may arise upon loss or misregulation of RNA quality control mechanisms.

中文翻译：

---

细胞稳态、基因组稳定性和疾病中的 RNA 损伤反应


所有细胞都暴露在可能损害其核酸的化学物质中。细胞必须保护这些聚合物，因为它们编码生命所必需的关键因素或复合物。关于核酸损伤的大部分工作自然而然地集中在 DNA 上，部分原因是诱变与人类疾病（尤其是癌症）之间的联系。最近的研究揭示了 RNA 损伤的重要性，它触发了许多保守的 RNA 质量控制机制。由于许多 RNA 种类是瞬时的，并且由于它们能够被重新转录，因此 RNA 损伤在很大程度上被忽略了。然而，由于转录过程中受损的 RNA 和 DNA 之间的联系，以及加工或解码 RNA 的基本复合物（特别是剪接体和核糖体）之间的关联，因此正确处理受损的 RNA 对于维持细胞稳态至关重要。这一概念得到了疾病状态的支持，包括神经发育和神经退行性疾病，这些疾病状态可能是由于 RNA 质量控制机制的缺失或失调而出现的。