Background & Aims

Ginsenosides are triterpene saponins produced by ginseng (Panax spp.). Ginsenosides are secreted into the soil during ginseng growth and are mildly anti-fungal and autotoxic. While an ecological role for ginsenosides in maintenance of the sparse density growth habit of wild ginseng populations can be inferred, the consequence of ginsenoside accumulation in densely populated commercial ginseng gardens remains unknown. The potential for residual ginsenosides in former ginseng gardens to contribute to ginseng replant disease (GRD), a condition in which a new ginseng crop cannot be successfully cultivated in a garden used for ginseng cultivation in the past, has been suggested. However, the extent to which ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil and persist beyond harvest is poorly documented.

Methods

We developed an extraction protocol to extract ginsenosides from ginseng garden soil, and established the behaviour of ginsenosides in soil in controlled experiments using ginseng garden soil packed into columns.

Results

Ginsenosides accumulate throughout the first three and a half years of ginseng cultivation and decline during the fourth year. Residual ginsenosides present in garden soil at the time of harvest are largely gone by the following spring. Soil column data revealed that sandy-loam soil has capacity to bind and retain ginsenosides, and that protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides are more mobile than the protopanaxadiol-type.

Conclusion

Ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil during cultivation, but do not persist. Our data suggest that the impact of ginsenosides on the establishment of GRD occurs during crop growth rather than during the time between plantings.

中文翻译：

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人参园土壤中人参皂甙的特性：积累、持久性和行为

 背景和目标

人参皂甙是由人参 （Panax spp.） 产生的三萜皂苷。人参皂甙在人参生长过程中分泌到土壤中，具有温和的抗真菌和自毒作用。虽然可以推断人参皂甙在维持野山参种群稀疏密度生长习性方面的生态作用，但人参皂甙在人口稠密的商业人参花园中积累的后果仍然未知。有人提出，以前人参园中残留的人参皂甙可能会导致人参再植病 （GRD），在这种情况下，过去用于人参种植的花园中无法成功种植新的人参作物。然而，人参皂甙在人参花园土壤中积累并在收获后持续存在的程度记录很少。

 方法

我们开发了一种提取方案，从人参花园土壤中提取人参皂甙，并在使用人参花园土壤的受控实验中确定了人参皂甙在土壤中的行为。

 结果

人参皂甙在人参种植的前三年半中积累，并在第四年下降。收获时花园土壤中残留的人参皂甙到第二年春天已基本消失。土壤柱数据显示，沙壤土具有结合和保留人参皂苷的能力，并且原生人参皂苷型人参皂苷比原人参皂苷型更具流动性。

 结论

人参皂甙在栽培过程中在人参园土壤中积累，但不会持续存在。我们的数据表明，人参皂甙对 GRD 建立的影响发生在作物生长期间，而不是在种植之间的时间。