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What factors contribute to the proficiency of young EFL learners in primary school? Assessing the role of CLIL intensity, extramural English, non-verbal intelligence and socioeconomic status
Language Teaching Research ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-30 , DOI: 10.1177/13621688241292277
Amparo Lázaro-Ibarrola

Although multiple factors influence language proficiency in instructed settings, the prevalence of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) research in recent decades has placed intensity of exposure (via CLIL lessons) at center stage, sidelining other variables. This study aims to rectify this by examining the impact of CLIL alongside three additional factors: extramural English (EE), socioeconomic status (SES), and non-verbal intelligence (NVI). Specifically, this study analyses the interplay of these variables in the proficiency of 171 young English learners (aged 10–11 years) in Navarre, Spain. The participants were divided into a low-intensity (LI) ( n = 54) group and a high-intensity (HI) ( n = 117) group depending on exposure to English in school. Results indicate that HI learners are superior in reading, and even more clearly in speaking. EE is very frequent in both groups but more abundant among HI learners, and it shows several positive associations with learners’ scores. Higher NVI levels positively correlate with all skills in both groups, except for speaking, which appears to be affected by EE and, to a lesser extent, by SES.

中文翻译:


哪些因素会影响小学 EFL 学习者的熟练程度?评估 CLIL 强度、校外英语、非语言智力和社会经济地位的作用



尽管在指导环境中影响语言熟练度的因素有很多,但近几十年来内容和语言综合学习 (CLIL) 研究的流行使接触强度(通过 CLIL 课程)成为中心位置,而忽略了其他变量。本研究旨在通过检查 CLIL 的影响以及三个其他因素来纠正这一点:校外英语 (EE)、社会经济地位 (SES) 和非语言智力 (NVI)。具体来说,本研究分析了这些变量在西班牙纳瓦拉 171 名年轻英语学习者(10-11 岁)熟练程度中的相互作用。参与者根据在学校的英语暴露情况分为低强度 (LI) ( n = 54) 组和高强度 (HI) (n = 117) 组。结果表明,HI 学习者在阅读方面更胜一筹,在口语方面更为明显。EE 在两组中都非常常见,但在 HI 学习者中更为丰富,并且它与学习者的分数呈多种正相关。较高的 NVI 水平与两组的所有技能呈正相关,但口语除外,它似乎受到 EE 的影响,在较小程度上受 SES 的影响。
更新日期:2024-10-30
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