The formation of volatile-rich phases in magmatic sulfide systems has been interpreted at least in six different ways. The most popular model attributes their origin to secondary processes, mostly due to the presence of serpentine, chlorite, phlogopite, amphibole, and calcite. While chlorite and serpentine are likely to form as alteration products, the other volatile-rich minerals have the potential to originate in a range of ways, including by primary magmatic processes. Based on mineralogical and petrological studies, it was recently suggested that volatile- and incompatible element-rich halos around sulfide globules may form due to the interaction between three immiscible liquids: silicate, carbonate, and sulfide. This hypothesis was confirmed by experimental data revealing the systematic envelopment of sulfide globules by carbonate melt, indicating their mutual affinity. In this study, we present data on isotopic signatures and trace element distributions of three minerals commonly found in spatial association with sulfides—calcite, apatite, and zircon—to address the question of the source and nature of volatiles and other incompatible elements involved in the formation of the halos. Here we compare our new hypothesis with all the previously proposed explanations to show if they can be consistent with obtained results. Our findings indicate that both mantle and crustal sources play a role in the formation of volatile- and incompatible element-rich halos, strongly correlating with sulfur isotope data previously reported for the sulfide globules in the same intrusions. This correlation confirms the shared origin of sulfides, carbonate and fluids during ore-forming processes, ruling out the secondary origin of volatile-rich phases. The isotope and trace element signatures support the newly proposed hypothesis that volatile- and incompatible element-rich halos could have been formed due to the interaction of immiscible sulfide, carbonate, and silicate melts. The volatile-rich carbonate melt could be sourced from the mantle or it could be added from the crust. Regardless of the origin, carbonate melt and sulfide liquid both immiscible with mafic magma tend to stick to each other resulting in the formation of volatile- and incompatible element-rich halos commonly documented in magmatic sulfide deposits.

岩浆硫化物系统中富含挥发物的相的形成至少可以用六种不同的方式来解释。最流行的模型将其起源于次级过程，主要是由于蛇纹石、绿泥石、金云母、闪石和方解石的存在。虽然绿泥石和蛇纹石可能以蚀变产物的形式形成，但其他富含挥发物的矿物有可能以多种方式起源，包括通过初级岩浆过程。根据矿物学和岩石学研究，最近有人提出，由于三种不混溶的液体（硅酸盐、碳酸盐和硫化物）之间的相互作用，硫化物球周围可能会形成挥发性和不相容的富含元素的晕。这一假设得到了实验数据的证实，实验数据揭示了碳酸盐熔体对硫化物球的系统包裹，表明它们相互亲和。在这项研究中，我们提供了与硫化物空间结合中常见的三种矿物（方解石、磷灰石和锆石）的同位素特征和微量元素分布的数据，以解决挥发物和其他参与光晕形成的不相容元素的来源和性质问题。在这里，我们将我们的新假设与之前提出的所有解释进行比较，以表明它们是否能与获得的结果一致。我们的研究结果表明，地幔和地壳来源在富含挥发性和不相容元素的晕的形成中起作用，这与先前报道的相同侵入体中硫化物球的硫同位素数据密切相关。这种相关性证实了硫化物、碳酸盐和流体在成矿过程中的共同来源，排除了富含挥发物的相的次要来源。 同位素和微量元素特征支持新提出的假设，即富含挥发性和不相容元素的晕可能是由于不混溶的硫化物、碳酸盐和硅酸盐熔体的相互作用而形成的。富含挥发物的碳酸盐熔体可以来自地幔，也可以从地壳中添加。无论来源如何，碳酸盐熔体和硫化物液体都与镁铁质岩浆不相溶，往往会相互粘附，导致形成富含挥发性和不相容元素的晕，这在岩浆硫化物矿床中很常见。