The quest for energy-efficient and environmentally benign methods for separating C4 hydrocarbon mixtures has led to the exploration of porous materials, with zeolites and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), especially MOFs at the forefront. These materials exhibit tunable pore sizes, diverse chemical functionalities, and the capacity for structural transformation in response to external stimuli, attributes that are highly desirable for separation processes. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the fundamental principles governing the adsorptive separation of C4 hydrocarbons, including thermodynamic, kinetic, molecular sieving, responsive framework separation, and guest conformation-controlled mechanisms. It also examines strategies to enhance the selectivity and stability of porous materials, such as the introduction of open metal sites, functional group modifications, and the engineering of flexible frameworks. The discussion extends to the current limitations and challenges in the industrial application of these materials. By synthesizing recent breakthroughs and identifying pivotal research directions, this review aims to offer a strategic roadmap for future research endeavors.

中文翻译：

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沸石和金属有机框架基微孔晶体材料在 C4 烃的吸附分离中的作用


对分离 C4 碳氢化合物混合物的节能和环境友好方法的探索导致了对多孔材料的探索，其中沸石和金属有机框架 （MOF），尤其是 MOF。这些材料表现出可调的孔径、多种化学功能以及响应外部刺激的结构转变能力，这些属性是分离过程非常理想的。本文深入分析了控制 C4 烃吸附分离的基本原理，包括热力学、动力学、分子筛分、响应框架分离和客体构象控制机制。它还研究了提高多孔材料的选择性和稳定性的策略，例如引入开放金属位点、官能团修饰和柔性框架的工程设计。讨论延伸到这些材料目前工业应用中的局限性和挑战。通过综合最近的突破并确定关键的研究方向，本文旨在为未来的研究工作提供战略路线图。