Remediation pathways and mechanism of Fe-Zn-supported biochar on Cd accumulation in wheat: wheat tissues and coexisting elements,Plant and Soil

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Remediation pathways and mechanism of Fe-Zn-supported biochar on Cd accumulation in wheat: wheat tissues and coexisting elements
Plant and Soil ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-30 , DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-07055-1
Tingting Yang, Xin Xiang, Shengguo Jiang, Jingguo Cao, Yuebing Sun, Yingming Xu, Zongzheng Yang

Background and aims

Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated wheat grains seriously threaten human health. Here, a novel iron/zinc-supported biochar (Fe/Zn-BC) was prepared and applied to investigate the remediation effects of alkaline soil and wheat contaminated with Cd, focusing on the influence mechanism on the Cd and coexisting elements accumulation in wheat.

Methods

We performed various doses of BC and Fe/Zn-BC treatment in the winter wheat pots. The available Cd content and Cd fraction in the soil, and Cd, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Pb contents in wheat tissues were determined.

Results

The results showed that the contents of DTPA-Cd and DTPA-Pb were significantly reduced by 33-54% and 10-27% in the Fe/Zn-BC treated soil, respectively. The reduction rates of Cd in wheat root, straw, node, flag leaf, and grain in Fe/Zn-BC treatments were better than those of BC treatments. Furthermore, Zn, Fe, and Mn contents increased significantly in root, straw, node, flag leaf and grain. Both the bioaccumulation factor (BF) and transfer factor (TF) of Cd were decreased with the addition of Fe/Zn-BC, expect for the TF_leaf/root. Structural equation model fitting results showed that inhibition of Cd uptake by root and promoting Cd transport from root to flag leaf were the main pathways to reduce grain Cd content. Increasing the coexisting elements of Zn and Mn to reduce the accumulation of Cd in grains through antagonism was another important mechanism in the Fe/Zn-BC treatments.

Conclusion

Fe/Zn-BC was an amendment that efficiently reduced Cd accumulation in wheat grains and had great potential for remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.

中文翻译：

Fe-Zn负载生物炭对小麦Cd积累的修复途径及机制：小麦组织与共存元素

背景和目标

受镉（Cd）污染的小麦粒严重威胁人类健康。本研究制备了一种新型铁/锌负载生物炭（Fe/Zn-BC）并应用于研究碱性土壤和小麦 Cd 污染的修复效果，重点研究了对小麦 Cd 和共存元素积累的影响机制。

方法

我们在冬小麦盆中进行了不同剂量的 BC 和 Fe/Zn-BC 处理。测定土壤中速效 Cd 含量和 Cd 馏分，以及小麦组织中 Cd、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Ni 和 Pb 含量。

结果

结果表明，Fe/Zn-BC 处理土壤中 DTPA-Cd 和 DTPA-Pb 含量分别显著降低了 33-54% 和 10-27%。Fe/Zn-BC 处理对小麦根、秸秆、节、旗叶和籽粒中 Cd 的降低率优于 BC 处理。此外，Zn、Fe 和 Mn 含量在根、秸秆、节、旗叶和籽粒中显著增加。随着 Fe/Zn-BC 的添加，Cd 的生物积累因子（BF）和转移因子（TF）均降低，预计 TF_叶/根。结构方程模型拟合结果表明，抑制根对 Cd 的吸收和促进 Cd 从根到旗叶的转运是降低籽粒 Cd 含量的主要途径。通过拮抗作用增加 Zn 和 Mn 共存元素以减少 Cd 在籽粒中的积累是 Fe/Zn-BC 处理的另一个重要机制。