The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between different screen time (ST)-related behaviors and mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress. In addition, this study aimed to determine the moderating role of socioeconomic status (SES). This was a cross-sectional study and included data from 620 adolescents, aged 12-17 years, from the Valle de Ricote, Region of Murcia, Spain. Mental health was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Overall ST, mobile phone use, social network use, and messaging application use were measured using validated questionnaires. SES was assessed using the Family Affluence Scale-III. The results indicated that overall ST was significantly associated with symptoms of depression at the mean SES (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = 0.005, p = 0.023) and 1 standard deviation (SD) below the mean (B = 0.007, p = 0.011), and with stress only 1 SD below the mean (B = 0.006, p = 0.011). No significant associations were found for anxiety and stress across all socioeconomic levels. Mobile phone use exhibited a strong positive association with symptoms of depression (B = 0.891, p < 0.001), anxiety (B = 0.530, p = 0.014), and stress (B = 0.790, p < 0.001) at 1 SD below the mean SES. Similar patterns were observed for mean SES, albeit with slightly weaker associations. Conversely, social network use was positively associated with all three DASS-21 scales, particularly at 1 SD below the mean SES, with the strongest associations found for symptoms of depression (B = 0.327, p < 0.001), anxiety (B = 0.325, p < 0.001), and stress (B = 0.318, p < 0.001). Furthermore, messaging application use did not show significant associations with symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress across any SES levels. In conclusion, social inequalities may influence the associations between various ST-related behavior and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among adolescents. These findings may have implications for the design of effective interventions to improve symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in this population.

中文翻译：

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社会经济地位是否调节了青少年屏幕时间、手机使用、社交网络、消息应用程序和心理健康之间的关联？


本研究的目的是检查不同的屏幕时间 （ST） 相关行为与抑郁、焦虑和压力等心理健康状况之间的关系。此外，本研究旨在确定社会经济地位 （SES） 的调节作用。这是一项横断面研究，包括来自西班牙穆尔西亚地区 Valle de Ricote 的 620 名 12-17 岁青少年的数据。使用抑郁、焦虑和压力量表 （DASS-21） 评估心理健康。总体 ST 、 移动电话使用、社交网络使用 和 消息应用程序 使用 使用经过验证的问卷进行测量。使用家庭富裕量表 III 评估 SES。结果表明，总体 ST 与平均 SES （非标准化 β 系数 [B] = 0.005，p = 0.023） 和低于平均值 1 个标准差 （SD） （B = 0.007，p = 0.011） 的抑郁症状显著相关，并且压力仅比平均值低 1 个 SD （B = 0.006，p = 0.011）。在所有社会经济水平上，焦虑和压力均未发现显著关联。手机使用与抑郁 （B = 0.891，p < 0.001）、焦虑 （B = 0.530，p = 0.014） 和压力 （B = 0.790，p < 0.001） 症状呈很强的正相关，低于平均值 SES 1 个标准差。在平均 SES 中观察到类似的模式，尽管关联性略弱。相反，社交网络使用与所有三个 DASS-21 量表呈正相关，尤其是在低于平均 SES 1 SD 时，发现抑郁症状 （B = 0.327，p < 0.001）、焦虑 （B = 0.325，p < 0.001） 和压力 （B = 0.318，p < 0.001） 的相关性最强。 此外，在任何 SES 级别中，消息传递应用程序的使用均未显示与抑郁、焦虑或压力症状的显著关联。总之，社会不平等可能会影响各种 ST 相关行为与青少年抑郁、焦虑和压力症状之间的关联。这些发现可能对设计有效的干预措施以改善该人群的抑郁、焦虑和压力症状产生影响。