Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have gained considerable attention due to their design possibilities as the molecular organic building blocks that can stack in an atomically precise spatial arrangement. Since the inception of COFs in 2005, there has been a continuous expansion in the product range of COFs and their derivatives. This expansion has led to the evolution of three-dimensional structures and various synthetic routes, propelling the field towards large-scale preparation of COFs and their derivatives. This review will offer a holistic analysis and comparison of the spatial structure and synthesis techniques of COFs and their derivatives. The conventional methods of COF synthesis (i.e., ultrasonic chemical, microwave, and solvothermal) are discussed alongside the synthesis strategies of new COFs and their derivatives. Furthermore, the applications of COFs and their derived materials are demonstrated in air, water, and soil pollution management such as gas capture, catalytic conversion, adsorption, and pollutant removal. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges and prospects for large-scale preparation and application of new COFs and the derived materials. In line with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the needs of digital-enabled technologies (AI and machine learning), this review will encompass the future technical trends for COFs in environmental pollution control.

中文翻译：

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共价有机框架 （COFs） 及其衍生物在环境污染控制中的综合综述


共价有机框架 （COF） 因其作为分子有机构建单元的设计可能性而受到广泛关注，这些构建单元可以以原子精确的空间排列堆叠。自 2005 年 COF 成立以来，COF 及其衍生物的产品范围不断扩大。这种扩展导致了三维结构和各种合成路线的演变，推动了该领域朝着 COF 及其衍生物的大规模制备发展。本文将对 COF 及其衍生物的空间结构和合成技术进行整体分析和比较。讨论了 COF 合成的常规方法（即超声化学、微波和溶剂热）以及新 COF 及其衍生物的合成策略。此外，COF 及其衍生材料在空气、水和土壤污染管理中的应用得到了证明，例如气体捕获、催化转化、吸附和污染物去除。最后，本文综述了当前新型 COF 及其衍生材料大规模制备和应用的挑战和前景。根据联合国可持续发展目标 （SDG） 和数字技术（人工智能和机器学习）的需求，本次审查将涵盖 COF 在环境污染控制中的未来技术趋势。