This work aimed to determine the effects of dietary full-fat or defatted black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) to replace protein sources on growth performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and intestinal microbiota in nursery pigs and to investigate the effects of dietary defatted BSFL at up to 30% at the expense of protein sources on growth performance in nursery pigs. In Exp. 1, a total of 36 barrows with an initial body weight of 7.0 kg (standard deviation = 0.8) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicate pens per treatment and 3 barrows per pen. A corn-soybean meal (SBM)-whey-based control diet was prepared with soy protein concentrate and fish meal as additional protein supplements. Two additional diets were prepared to include 20% full-fat BSFL or 20% defatted BSFL to replace soy protein concentrate and fish meal to maintain the same energy and nutrient concentrations in all diets. In the 28-day feeding trial, pigs fed the diet containing defatted BSFL tended to consume more feeds (P < 0.10) than other groups during days 14 to 28 and the overall period. On day 28, the serum blood urea nitrogen in pigs fed the control diet was less (P < 0.05) than that fed the full-fat or defatted BSFL, but fecal score and jejunal morphology did not differ among the treatment groups. Relative abundance of Mycoplasma in the ileal digesta was less (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the diet containing full-fat or defatted BSFL compared with the control group. In Exp. 2, a total of 192 pigs with an initial body weight of 7.8 (standard deviation = 1.2 kg) were randomly allotted to one of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 6 replicate pens per treatment and 4 barrows and 4 gilts per pen. A control diet was mainly based on corn, SBM, fermented SBM, fish meal, and spray-dried plasma protein. Three additional diets were prepared to contain 10%, 20%, and 30% defatted BSFL to replace SBM, fermented SBM, fish meal, and spray-dried plasma protein to maintain for the same energy and nutrient concentrations. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, gain:feed, and fecal score were not affected by increasing dietary defatted BSFL. Overall, dietary black soldier fly larvae did not compromise growth performance or intestinal health in nursery pigs. Black soldier fly larvae can be used in nursery pig diets to replace other protein sources without negative effects.

中文翻译：

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日粮中全脂或脱脂的黑水虻幼虫可以替代蛋白质来源，对保育猪的生长性能或肠道健康没有不利影响


本研究旨在确定日粮全脂或脱脂黑水虻幼虫 （BSFL） 替代蛋白质来源对保育猪生长性能、血液参数、肠道形态和肠道微生物群的影响，并研究日粮脱脂 BSFL 高达 30% 的影响，以牺牲蛋白质来源为代价对保育猪生长性能的影响。在实验 1 中，共有 36 只初始体重为 7.0 kg（标准差 = 0.8）的猪被分配到随机完全区组设计的 3 个日粮处理中，每个处理 4 个重复笔和每个猪栏 3 个猪栏。以大豆-豆粕 （SBM） -乳清为基础的对照饮食，以大豆浓缩蛋白和鱼粉作为额外的蛋白质补充剂。准备了两种额外的日粮，包括 20% 全脂 BSFL 或 20% 脱脂 BSFL，以替代大豆浓缩蛋白和鱼粉，以保持所有日粮中相同的能量和营养浓度。在 28 天的饲喂试验中，饲喂含有脱脂 BSFL 的日粮的猪在第 14 至 28 天和整个期间往往比其他组消耗更多的饲料 （P < 0.10）。第 28 天，饲喂对照日粮的猪血清尿素氮低于饲喂全脂或脱脂 BSFL 的猪血清尿素氮 （P < 0.05），但粪便评分和空肠形态在处理组间没有差异。与对照组相比，饲喂含有全脂或脱脂 BSFL 的日粮的猪回肠消化物中支原体的相对丰度较低 （P < 0.05）。在实验 2 中，共有 192 头初始体重为 7.8 （标准差 = 1.2 kg） 的猪被随机分配到 4 种日粮处理中的一种，采用随机完全区组设计，每个处理 6 个重复猪栏，每个猪栏 4 个猪栏和 4 头后备母猪。 对照日粮主要以玉米、 SBM 、发酵 SBM 、鱼粉和喷雾干燥血浆蛋白为基础。制备了三种额外的日粮，含有 10%、20% 和 30% 的脱脂 BSFL 以替代 SBM、发酵 SBM、鱼粉和喷雾干燥的血浆蛋白，以维持相同的能量和营养浓度。平均日增重、平均日采食量、增重：饲料和粪便评分不受日粮脱脂 BSFL 增加的影响。总体而言，日粮黑水虻幼虫不会影响保育猪的生长性能或肠道健康。黑水虻幼虫可用于保育猪日粮中，以替代其他蛋白质来源，而不会产生负面影响。