Liverworts are one of the oldest lineages of the extant land plants but the geographic patterns and ecological determinants of their species richness have not yet been studied at a global scale until now. Here, using a comprehensive global database, we find that regional species richness of liverworts in general 1) shows a clear latitudinal diversity pattern, 2) is highest in mountains, presumably reflecting the effects of habitat heterogeneity and the occurrence of cloud forest, 3) is more strongly influenced by contemporary climate than by climate change during the Quaternary, 4) is more strongly affected by precipitation‐related than by temperature‐related variables, reflecting the poikilohydric nature of liverworts and hence their water‐dependence, and 5) is more strongly affected by climate extremes than by climate seasonality. However, we find regional deviations from these general patterns, especially in the Southern Hemisphere where the distinct arrangement of land masses leads to different climatic patterns and thus climate–species richness relationships. Compared with other major land plant lineages, liverworts show the same importance of precipitation‐related factors as ferns, whereas in angiosperms temperature also plays an important role, reflecting the different physiological adaptations of these groups to drought and cold stress, and providing insights into the different evolutionary pathways taken by these lineages.

中文翻译：

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地理和生态学对全球地钱物种丰富度的影响


地钱是现存陆地植物最古老的谱系之一，但直到现在，其物种丰富度的地理模式和生态决定因素尚未在全球范围内进行研究。在这里，使用一个全面的全球数据库，我们发现苔类植物的区域物种丰富度一般 1） 显示出明显的纬度多样性模式，2） 在山区最高，可能反映了栖息地异质性和云雾森林发生的影响，3） 受当代气候的影响比受第四纪气候变化的影响更强， 4） 受降水相关变量的影响比受温度相关变量的影响更大，这反映了地钱的多水合性质，因此它们对水的依赖性，以及 5） 受极端气候的影响比受气候季节性的影响更强。然而，我们发现区域偏离了这些一般模式，尤其是在南半球，那里陆地块的不同排列导致了不同的气候模式，从而导致了气候-物种丰富度的关系。与其他主要陆地植物谱系相比，地钱表现出与蕨类植物相同的降水相关因素的重要性，而在被子植物中，温度也起着重要作用，反映了这些群体对干旱和寒冷胁迫的不同生理适应，并为这些谱系采取的不同进化途径提供了见解。