Background

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury during contact sports has a high incidence that has not been reduced despite the immense resources devoted to understanding its aetiology. A neurocognitive approach could increase knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to ACL injury enabling practitioners to address and minimise future risk.

Objective

To systematically review the influence of manipulating cognitive demands during motor tasks (i.e. degree of uncertainty) on biomechanical variables associated with ACL injury risk.

Methods

A systematic review was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by searching the major sporting electronic databases. The search strategy included four groups of terms and was conducted by two authors independently. All studies were screened using unique inclusion criteria, with the included studies assessed for risk of bias.

Results

Twenty-five studies were identified from 2031 records and included into the review process. During the experimental conditions where cognitive demands were higher, most biomechanical indicators associated with a greater risk of ACL injury during landing and cutting tasks were significantly enhanced compared with conditions with low or no cognitive demands.

Conclusions

An increase in task complexity through cognitive load significantly leads to changes in mechanisms associated with ACL injury during single-leg landings and cutting movements. Consequently, coaches and exercise professionals should consider inclusion of dual-task paradigms or uncertainty during injury risk assessment scenarios and injury prevention programs to help identify athletes at risk of ACL injury and reduce ACL injury frequency.

Registration

This protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO) in May 2022, with the registration number CRD42022315795.

中文翻译：

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前交叉韧带损伤相关认知需求与生物力学指标之间的关系：系统评价

 背景

接触性运动中的前交叉韧带 （ACL） 损伤的发生率很高，尽管投入了大量资源来了解其病因，但这种损伤并未降低。神经认知方法可以增加对导致 ACL 损伤的机制的了解，使从业者能够解决和最小化未来的风险。

 目的

系统评价运动任务期间操纵认知需求的影响（即不确定性程度）对与 ACL 损伤风险相关的生物力学变量。

 方法

根据 Cochrane 干预系统评价手册 通过检索主要的体育电子数据库进行系统评价。检索策略包括四组检索词，由两位作者独立进行。所有研究都使用独特的纳入标准进行筛选，并评估纳入研究的偏倚风险。

 结果

从 2031 条记录中确定了 25 项研究，并将其纳入综述过程。在认知需求较高的实验条件下，与认知需求低或无认知需求的情况相比，着陆和切割任务中与 ACL 损伤风险增加相关的大多数生物力学指标显着增强。

 结论

认知负荷导致任务复杂性的增加显着导致单腿着陆和切割运动期间与 ACL 损伤相关的机制发生变化。因此，教练和锻炼专业人员应考虑在损伤风险评估情景和损伤预防计划中纳入双重任务范式或不确定性，以帮助识别有 ACL 损伤风险的运动员并降低 ACL 损伤频率。

 注册

该协议于 2022 年 5 月在 PROSPERO 数据库 （https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO） 中注册，注册号为 CRD42022315795。