In the past decade, per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) have garnered significant attention due to their widespread presence and detrimental environmental and health impacts. These compounds exhibit exceptional hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, chemical stability, and resistance to biodegradation, posing a significant threat to living organisms, particularly mammals. Numerous technologies have been employed for PFAS removal in which membrane filtration stands out as a highly effective approach, capable of removing different types of PFAS (anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic) with efficiencies exceeding 99 %. The advent of MXenes, a class of two-dimensional transition metal nitrides, oxycarbides, carbonitrides, and carbides, has revolutionized water treatment. MXene-based membranes, with their diverse elemental structure and ability to accommodate multiple surface functional groups, offer exceptional promise for PFAS removal. For the first time, all studies about PFAS removal via MXene-based membranes were summarized in this review article, and their performance was compared to commercial membranes. Moreover, the fabrication methods of MXene-based membranes were discussed in details. Finally, authors have given numerous suggestions about the future of PFAS removal via MXene-based membranes and explained what is missing currently.

中文翻译：

---

MXene 基膜的制造及其在全氟和多氟物质去除中的应用：与商业膜的比较、挑战和未来的改进


在过去十年中，全氟和多氟物质 （PFAS） 因其广泛存在并对环境和健康产生有害影响而引起了广泛关注。这些化合物表现出优异的疏水性、疏油性、化学稳定性和抗生物降解性，对生物体，尤其是哺乳动物构成重大威胁。已采用多种技术去除 PFAS，其中膜过滤是一种非常有效的方法，能够去除不同类型的 PFAS（阴离子、阳离子和两性离子），效率超过 99%。MXenes 是一类二维过渡金属氮化物、碳氮化物、碳氮化物和碳化物，它的出现彻底改变了水处理。基于 MXene 的膜具有多种元素结构和容纳多个表面官能团的能力，为去除 PFAS 提供了非凡的前景。这篇综述文章首次总结了所有关于通过基于 MXene 的膜去除 PFAS 的研究，并将其性能与商业膜进行了比较。此外，详细讨论了 MXene 基膜的制备方法。最后，作者就通过基于 MXene 的膜去除 PFAS 的未来提出了许多建议，并解释了目前缺少的内容。