Electro- and thermochromic materials have been greatly applied in smart windows and displays due to the excellent properties of color variation and solar radiation. However, the mono color and single response to voltage and temperature hinder their application and development. Here, a multimode dynamic color-changing device (T/ECD) was developed by integrating the electrochromic property of synthetic viologen dyes and the thermochromic properties of hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA). The T/ECD achieves four modes of optical regulation, namely, colorless transparent state, tinted transparent state, colorless opaque state, and tinted opaque state, which can be regulated independently/coordinately using heat and voltage. The optimized T/ECD switched color at 1.2 V with 15 s or adjusted the transparent/opaque state at >34 °C with 46 s. In addition, based on the red viologen (ViO-R), green viologen (ViO-G), and blue viologen (ViO-B) dyes, colorful T/ECDs were successfully designed and fabricated, and T/ECDs have excellent cycling properties, expanding the application requirement. Moreover, we demonstrated their application in smart windows and privacy protection. The design philosophy and successful exploration have great prospects for energy-saving buildings, displays, and information masking/storage systems.

中文翻译：

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一种基于热致变色和电致变色性能融合的智能窗多模式动态换色装置


由于电致变色和热致变色材料具有优异的色彩变化和太阳辐射特性，因此在智能窗户和显示器中得到了广泛的应用。然而，单色和对电压和温度的单一响应阻碍了它们的应用和发展。在这里，通过将合成紫精染料的电致变色特性和丙烯酸羟丙酯 （HPA） 的热致变色特性相结合，开发了一种多模式动态换色器件 （T/ECD）。T/ECD 实现了四种光学调节模式，即无色透明状态、有色透明状态、无色不透明状态和有色不透明状态，可以使用热量和电压独立/协调地进行调节。优化后的 T/ECD 在 1.2 V 下切换颜色，用 15 秒，或在 >34 °C 下用 46 秒调整透明/不透明状态。此外，基于红色紫精 （ViO-R）、绿色紫精 （ViO-G） 和蓝色紫精 （ViO-B） 染料，成功设计并制造了彩色 T/ECD，T/ECD 具有优异的循环性能，扩大了应用需求。此外，我们还演示了它们在智能窗户和隐私保护方面的应用。设计理念和成功的探索在节能建筑、展示和信息遮蔽/存储系统方面具有广阔的前景。