Plasticity allows organisms to form lasting adaptive changes in neural structures in response to interactions with the environment. It serves both species-general functions and individualized skill acquisition. To better understand human plasticity, we need to strengthen the dialogue between human research and animal models. Therefore, we propose to (1) enhance the interpretability of macroscopic methods used in human research by complementing molecular and fine-structural measures used in animals with such macroscopic methods, preferably applied to the same animals, to create macroscopic metrics common to both examined species; (2) launch dedicated cross-species research programs, using either well-controlled experimental paradigms, such as motor skill acquisition, or more naturalistic environments, where individuals of either species are observed in their habitats; and (3) develop conceptual and computational models linking molecular and fine-structural events to phenomena accessible by macroscopic methods. In concert, these three component strategies can foster new insights into the nature of plastic change.

中文翻译：

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从动物模型到人类个体性：大脑可塑性研究的综合方法


可塑性允许生物体在神经结构中形成持久的适应性变化，以响应与环境的相互作用。它既服务于物种一般功能，也服务于个体化技能习得。为了更好地了解人类的可塑性，我们需要加强人类研究和动物模型之间的对话。因此，我们建议 （1） 通过用这种宏观方法补充动物中使用的分子和精细结构测量，最好应用于相同的动物，以提高人类研究中使用的宏观方法的可解释性，以创建两个研究物种共有的宏观指标;（2） 启动专门的跨物种研究计划，使用控制良好的实验范式，例如运动技能获得，或更自然的环境，在其栖息地中观察任一物种的个体;（3） 开发概念和计算模型，将分子和精细结构事件与宏观方法可访问的现象联系起来。总的来说，这三个组成部分策略可以促进对塑料变化本质的新见解。