SummaryThe ability to accumulate nutrients is a hallmark for living creatures and plants evolved highly effective nutrient transport systems, especially for the uptake of potassium (K+). However, plants also developed mechanisms that enable the rapid extrusion of K+ in combination with anions. The combined release of K+ and anions is probably an ancient extrusion system, as it is found in the Characeae that are closely related to land plants. We postulate that the ion extrusion mechanisms have developed as an emergency valve, which enabled plant cells to rapidly reduce their turgor, and prevent them from bursting. Later in evolution, seed plants adapted this system for various responses, such as the closure of stomata, long‐distance stress waves, dropping of leaves by pulvini, and loading of xylem vessels. We discuss the molecular nature of the transport proteins that are involved in ion extrusion‐based functions of plants and describe the functions that they obtained during evolution.

中文翻译：

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植物细胞的钾挤压：从紧急阀演变为长距离运输的驱动因素


摘要积累营养的能力是生物和植物进化出高效营养运输系统的标志，特别是钾 （K+） 的吸收。然而，植物也开发了能够快速挤出 K+ 与阴离子结合的机制。K+ 和阴离子的联合释放可能是一种古老的挤压系统，因为它存在于与陆地植物密切相关的 Characeae 中。我们假设离子挤压机制已经发展成为一种紧急阀，它使植物细胞能够迅速降低其膨胀并防止它们破裂。在进化的后期，种子植物使该系统适应各种反应，例如气孔闭合、长距离应力波、pulvini 掉落的叶子以及木质部血管的加载。我们讨论了参与植物基于离子挤出功能的转运蛋白的分子性质，并描述了它们在进化过程中获得的功能。