Dispersive soils, characterized by their poor resistance to water erosion and high sodium ion concentrations, pose a significant threat to both engineering and agricultural activities. Thus, the identification and improvement of dispersive soils are of paramount importance. There are several theories regarding the causes of soil dispersion, with the prevailing view attributing it to the expansion of the electrical double layer induced by sodium ions, which subsequently reduces the cohesion between soil particles. As a result, sodium indicators such as exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), percentage sodium (PS), and sodium adsorption rate (SAR) are commonly employed in the identification of dispersive soils. Currently, in efforts to improve dispersive soils for both engineering and agricultural purposes, chemical and biological agents are being added to enhance the soil's erosion resistance and regulate the concentration of sodium ions. Although numerous reviews have been conducted on the identification and improvement of dispersive soils, they tend to focus on the identification methods and the types of improvers, often overlooking the applicability of identification methods, the economic costs and environmental impacts of improvers. In practical improvement, the accuracy of soil identification must be ensured first and foremost. The selection of improvers should not only prioritise efficacy but also undergo thorough analysis and evaluation from multiple perspectives. This paper, therefore, reviews the advantages and disadvantages of various identification methods and assesses the differences among improvers from economic and environmental standpoints, providing a comprehensive theoretical basis for the improvement of dispersive soils.

中文翻译：

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分散性土壤的鉴定和改进进展：综述


分散性土壤的特点是抗水侵蚀性差和高钠离子浓度，对工程和农业活动构成重大威胁。因此，分散土壤的鉴定和改进至关重要。关于土壤分散的原因有几种理论，主流观点将其归因于钠离子诱导的双电层膨胀，随后降低了土壤颗粒之间的内聚力。因此，可交换钠百分比 （ESP）、钠百分比 （PS） 和钠吸附率 （SAR） 等钠指标通常用于识别分散土壤。目前，为了改善工程和农业用途的分散性土壤，人们正在添加化学和生物制剂来增强土壤的抗侵蚀性并调节钠离子的浓度。尽管已经对分散性土壤的鉴定和改进进行了大量综述，但它们往往集中在识别方法和改良剂的类型上，往往忽视了鉴定方法的适用性、改良剂的经济成本和环境影响。在实际改进中，首先必须确保土壤识别的准确性。选择改良剂不仅应优先考虑疗效，还应从多个角度进行彻底的分析和评估。因此，本文综述了各种识别方法的优缺点，并从经济和环境角度评估了改良剂之间的差异，为分散性土壤的改良提供了全面的理论基础。