Low-concentration electrolytes (LCEs) hold great promise for sustainable energy storage due to their low viscosity, excellent wettability, and cost-effectiveness. However, their intrinsic polarization issues often lead to side reactions and dendrite growth, hindering their broader application. Herein, we present an approach to convert the negative effects of intrinsic polarization in LCEs into advantages, overcoming these challenges. The experimental and theoretical analyses demonstrate that acetate-adsorbed zinc anodes can harness the intrinsic polarization of LCEs to direct the electrocrystallization process on their surfaces. This promotes the preferential orientation of Zn(002) plane with high stability, resulting in symmetric batteries loaded with low-concentration eutectic electrolytes (LCEE) that maintain surprisingly low voltage polarization during the dendrite-free growth of up to 3150 h. In addition, by forming an organic-inorganic composite film enriched with N and Cl, LCEE achieves rapid migration of Zn2+. This allows Zn//PANI full batteries with LCEE to demonstrate superior capacity and cycling stability compared to other Zn-based batteries with LCEs. This study not only achieves a divergent design in LCEs but also provides clear guidance for future electrolyte development.

中文翻译：

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化危为机：本征极化低浓度共晶电解质实现高度可逆的锌阳极


低浓度电解质 （LCE） 因其低粘度、优异的润湿性和成本效益而在可持续能源存储方面大有可为。然而，它们固有的极化问题通常会导致副反应和枝晶生长，从而阻碍其更广泛的应用。在此，我们提出了一种方法，将 LCE 中内在极化的负面影响转化为优势，克服了这些挑战。实验和理论分析表明，乙酸盐吸附的锌阳极可以利用 LCE 的本征极化来引导其表面的电结晶过程。这促进了具有高稳定性的 Zn（002） 平面的优先取向，导致负载低浓度共晶电解质 （LCEE） 的对称电池在长达 3150 小时的无枝晶生长期间保持令人惊讶的低电压极化。此外，通过形成富含 N 和 Cl 的有机-无机复合薄膜，LCEE 实现了 Zn2+ 的快速迁移。与其他带有 LCE 的 Zn 基电池相比，这使得带有 LCEE 的 Zn//PANI 满电池表现出卓越的容量和循环稳定性。本研究不仅在 LCE 中实现了发散设计，而且为未来的电解质开发提供了明确的指导。