Insulin has remained indispensable in the treatment of diabetes since it was first discovered in 1921. Unlike small molecular drugs, insulin and other protein drugs are prone to degradation when exposed to elevated temperatures, mechanical agitation during transportation, and prolonged storage periods. Therefore, strict cold-chain management is crucial for the insulin supply, requiring significant resources, which can limit the access to insulin, particularly in low-income areas. Moreover, although insulin formulations have advanced tremendously in the last century, insulin treatment still imposes a challenging regimen and provides suboptimal outcomes for the majority of patients. There is an increasing focus on pursuing improved pharmacology, specifically on safer, more user-friendly insulin therapies that minimize the self-management burden. These challenges underscore the need for developing novel insulin formulations with improved stability that are compatible with advanced insulin therapy.

中文翻译：

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胰岛素稳定设计，提高治疗效果和可及性


自 1921 年首次发现胰岛素以来，胰岛素在糖尿病治疗中一直不可或缺。与小分子药物不同，胰岛素和其他蛋白质药物在高温、运输过程中的机械搅动和长时间储存时容易降解。因此，严格的冷链管理对于胰岛素供应至关重要，需要大量资源，这可能会限制胰岛素的获取，尤其是在低收入地区。此外，尽管胰岛素制剂在上个世纪取得了巨大进步，但胰岛素治疗仍然是一个具有挑战性的方案，并且为大多数患者提供了次优的结果。人们越来越关注追求改进的药理学，特别是更安全、更用户友好的胰岛素疗法，以最大限度地减少自我管理负担。这些挑战凸显了开发与先进胰岛素治疗兼容的新型胰岛素制剂的必要性，这些制剂具有更高的稳定性。