Husbands' labour migration has ramifications for significant family members, particularly wives left behind. However, limited studies have been conducted to examine the impacts of husbands' migration on women left behind married to international and internal migrants. Drawing on a purposive sampling survey of 298 Ghanaian women (international = 129 and internal = 169) in the Volta Region, we assessed their subjective wellbeing using three dimensions: self‐reported health, self‐reported satisfaction with life, and self‐reported happiness. The results from t‐tests show that on average, international women left behind have higher perceived health (3.72), perceived happiness (3.82) and satisfaction with life (3.19). Results from the multivariable binary logistic regression analyses reveal that while no variables predict self‐reported health for international women left behind, high frequency of communication is statistically associated with internal women left behind self‐assessed health. International women left behind who lived in nuclear households and internal women left behind who reported high wealth quintiles were both statistically associated with satisfaction with life, respectively. While demographic factors (age and duration of marriage) were significant predictors of happiness for international women left behind, neighbourhood type and frequency of communication predicted happiness for internal women left behind. The differences in variables predicting each of the subjective wellbeing dimensions demonstrate the concept's multidimensionality. It also highlights factors influencing subjective wellbeing outcomes of women left behind are not solely due to their husbands' migration. The policy implications of this study are highlighted.

中文翻译：

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国际和国内移民以及留在加纳的妻子的主观福祉


丈夫的劳动力迁移对重要的家庭成员产生了影响，尤其是留下来的妻子。然而，在检查丈夫移徙对留守妇女与国际和国内移徙者结婚的影响方面，已经进行了有限的研究。借鉴对沃尔特地区 298 名加纳女性（国际 = 129 人和内部 = 169）的有目的的抽样调查，我们使用三个维度评估了她们的主观幸福感：自我报告的健康状况、自我报告的对生活的满意度和自我报告的幸福感。t 检验的结果显示，平均而言，留守国际女性的感知健康 （3.72）、感知幸福 （3.82） 和对生活的满意度 （3.19） 更高。多变量二元 logistic 回归分析的结果表明，虽然没有变量预测留守女性的自我报告健康状况，但高频率的沟通在统计上与留守女性的内部自我评估健康相关。生活在核心家庭中的留守妇女和报告高财富五分位数的留守国内妇女分别与对生活的满意度有统计学相关性。虽然人口因素（年龄和结婚时间）是留守女性幸福感的重要预测因素，但邻里类型和交流频率预测了留守女性的幸福感。预测每个主观幸福感维度的变量的差异证明了这个概念的多维性。它还强调了影响留守妇女主观幸福感结果的因素，不仅仅是由于她们丈夫的移民。本研究的政策意义得到了强调。