The human auditory cortex is organized according to the timing and spectral characteristics of speech sounds during speech perception. During listening, the posterior superior temporal gyrus is organized according to onset responses, which segment acoustic boundaries in speech, and sustained responses, which further process phonological content. When we speak, the auditory system is actively processing the sound of our own voice to detect and correct speech errors in real time. This manifests in neural recordings as suppression of auditory responses during speech production compared with perception, but whether this differentially affects the onset and sustained temporal profiles is not known. Here, we investigated this question using intracranial EEG recorded from seventeen pediatric, adolescent, and adult patients with medication-resistant epilepsy while they performed a reading/listening task. We identified onset and sustained responses to speech in the bilateral auditory cortex and observed a selective suppression of onset responses during speech production. We conclude that onset responses provide a temporal landmark during speech perception that is redundant with forward prediction during speech production and are therefore suppressed. Phonological feature tuning in these "onset suppression" electrodes remained stable between perception and production. Notably, auditory onset responses and phonological feature tuning were present in the posterior insula during both speech perception and production, suggesting an anatomically and functionally separate auditory processing zone that we believe to be involved in multisensory integration during speech perception and feedback control.

人类听觉皮层是根据语音感知过程中语音的时间和频谱特性进行组织的。在听力过程中，颞后上回根据起始反应和持续反应进行组织，前者分割语音中的声学边界，后者进一步处理语音内容。当我们说话时，听觉系统会主动处理我们自己的声音，以实时检测和纠正语音错误。这在神经记录中表现为与感知相比，语音产生过程中的听觉反应受到抑制，但这是否对发作和持续的时间特征产生差异性影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用 17 名患有耐药性癫痫的儿童、青少年和成人患者在执行阅读/听力任务时记录的颅内脑电图研究了这个问题。我们在双侧听觉皮层中确定了对语音的起始和持续反应，并观察到在语音产生过程中对起始反应的选择性抑制。我们得出的结论是，起始反应在语音感知过程中提供了一个时间标志，该标志与语音产生过程中的正向预测是多余的，因此被抑制。这些 “onset suppression” 电极中的语音特征调谐在感知和产生之间保持稳定。值得注意的是，在语音感知和产生过程中，后岛叶都存在听觉开始反应和语音特征调整，这表明在解剖学和功能上是独立的听觉处理区，我们认为它参与了语音感知和反馈控制过程中的多感官整合。