The persistence and toxicity of hazardous pollutants present in wastewater effluents require the development of efficient and sustainable treatment methods to protect water resources. In this study, the efficacy and efficiency of a novel combination of two advanced oxidation processes – sub-atmospheric-pressure plasma and hydrodynamic cavitation – were systematically tested for the removal of valsartan (VAL), sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, naproxen, diclofenac (DF), tramadol, propyphenazone, carbamazepine, 17β-estradiol (E2) and bisphenol A (BPA). The results show that both sample temperature and plasma power play a role and the highest removal, from 29–99 %, was achieved at 25 ℃ and 53 W of plasma power. E2, BPA, DF, and VAL were removed to the highest degree. These results are particularly important in the case of E2 and BPA, whose harmful environmental effects may start to occur already at sub-ng/L to µg/L levels. The differences in the removals obtained depend strongly on the physicochemical properties, and the compounds with the highest logKOW were removed to the highest extent. The energy yield, in terms of plasma power, was between 1 and 26 mg/kWh under optimal experimental conditions. Our results show that the novel plasma-cavitation treatment shows potential that could prove valuable for upcoming regulatory requirements.

中文翻译：

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通过亚大气压非热等离子体和流体动力（超级）空化相结合去除微污染物的概念验证


废水中有害污染物的持久性和毒性要求开发高效和可持续的处理方法以保护水资源。在这项研究中，系统地测试了两种高级氧化过程（亚大气压等离子体和流体动力空化）的新型组合对去除缬沙坦 （VAL）、磺胺甲噁唑、甲氧苄啶、萘普生、双氯芬酸 （DF）、曲马多、丙苯那酮、卡马西平、17β-雌二醇 （E2） 和双酚 A （BPA） 的功效和效率。结果表明，样品温度和等离子体功率都起了作用，在 25 °C 和 53 W 等离子体功率下实现了 29-99% 的最高去除率。E2 、 BPA 、 DF 和 VAL 的去除程度最高。这些结果在 E2 和 BPA 的情况下尤为重要，因为它们的有害环境影响可能在亚 ng/L 至 μg/L 水平就已经开始发生。所获去除率的差异在很大程度上取决于理化性质，且 logKOW 最高的化合物被去除程度最高。在最佳实验条件下，以等离子体功率而言，能量产额在 1 至 26 mg/kWh 之间。我们的结果表明，新型等离子体空化处理显示出对即将到来的监管要求有价值的潜力。