Ultracold quantum gases play a pivotal role in many-body physics, quantum sensing and quantum simulation. Over time, methods such as evaporative cooling in bulk ensembles and precision laser-cooling have been employed to effectively achieve quantum degeneracy in atomic gases. A simpler and more rapid way to form quantum gases would, thus, hold considerable promise in advancing the field. Here, we report the creation of a quantum gas by cooling individual rubidium atoms pinned in a three-dimensional optical lattice using electromagnetically induced transparency and adiabatic expansion. After just 10 ms of cooling, we verified the phase transition from a thermal to a quantum gas by adiabatically transferring the atoms to optical dipole traps. We observed the collapse of atoms in three-dimensional traps, a distinctive hallmark of a quantum gas with negative scattering length. Additionally, in a one-dimensional optical trap, we observed the emergence of a stable and strongly correlated quantum gas. Our results introduce a versatile and fast approach to achieving quantum degenerate gases with minimal time and resource requirements.

超冷量子气体在多体物理学、量子传感和量子模拟中起着关键作用。随着时间的推移，诸如体集成中的蒸发冷却和精密激光冷却等方法已被用于有效地实现原子气体中的量子简并。因此，一种更简单、更快速的形成量子气体的方法将在推动该领域发展方面具有相当大的前景。在这里，我们报道了通过使用电磁感应透明度和绝热膨胀冷却固定在三维光晶格中的单个铷原子来产生量子气体。仅经过 10 ms 的冷却后，我们通过将原子绝热转移到光学偶极子阱中，验证了从热气体到量子气体的相变。我们观察到三维陷阱中原子的坍缩，这是具有负散射长度的量子气体的一个独特标志。此外，在一维光阱中，我们观察到了稳定且强相关的量子气体的出现。我们的结果引入了一种通用且快速的方法，以最少的时间和资源要求实现量子简并气体。