Global‐scale mining activities have had significant deleterious impacts on local ecosystems and the overall environment, which will necessitate robust restoration efforts. A practical approach includes combining microbial inoculants with the technology of external soil spray seeding. This approach holds the potential for sustainable abandoned mine site restoration by enhancing plant growth through the modulation of soil nutrients and microbial communities. Nonetheless, the detailed effects of microbial inoculants on specific aspects of soil microbial community functions and their complex interactions with plant growth remain underexplored, particularly in the context of restoration efforts. To bridge this gap, we performed a four‐year field study at an abandoned carbonate mine location, using metagenomic sequencing to evaluate the influence of microbial inoculants on soil microbial functionality. Our research revealed that introducing microbial inoculants greatly enhanced essential soil parameters and notably increased plant biomass. Additionally, these inoculants altered the functional gene makeup of the microbial community, significantly boosting the relative abundance of processes such as nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory nitrate reduction (ANRA), dissimilatory nitrate reduction (DNRA), and organic phosphorus mineralization. Conversely, there was a decrease in the relative abundance of carbon degradation, phosphorus regulation, and transport processes. We observed strong correlations between the abundance of nitrogen and phosphorus cycles and plant biomass. Crucially, microbial inoculants affect plant biomass by initially altering soil properties and subsequently coordinating nitrogen and phosphorus cycles. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of microbial inoculants in mine site restoration and offer a theoretical foundation for their broader practical application.

中文翻译：

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微生物接种剂改变常驻土壤微生物的功能，以加快废弃矿山的田间恢复


全球规模的采矿活动对当地生态系统和整体环境产生了重大的有害影响，因此需要大力开展恢复工作。一种实用的方法包括将微生物接种剂与外部土壤喷雾播种技术相结合。这种方法通过调节土壤养分和微生物群落来促进植物生长，从而具有可持续恢复废弃矿场的潜力。尽管如此，微生物接种剂对土壤微生物群落功能特定方面的详细影响及其与植物生长的复杂相互作用仍未得到充分探索，尤其是在恢复工作的背景下。为了弥合这一差距，我们在一个废弃的碳酸盐矿位置进行了一项为期四年的实地研究，使用宏基因组测序来评估微生物接种剂对土壤微生物功能的影响。我们的研究表明，引入微生物接种剂大大提高了基本的土壤参数，并显着增加了植物生物量。此外，这些接种剂改变了微生物群落的功能基因组成，显着提高了固氮、硝化、反化、同化硝酸盐还原 （ANRA）、异化硝酸盐还原 （DNRA） 和有机磷矿化等过程的相对丰度。相反，碳降解、磷调节和运输过程的相对丰度有所下降。我们观察到氮和磷循环的丰度与植物生物量之间存在很强的相关性。至关重要的是，微生物接种剂通过最初改变土壤特性并随后协调氮和磷循环来影响植物生物量。 这些发现为微生物接种剂在矿场恢复中的作用提供了宝贵的见解，并为其更广泛的实际应用提供了理论基础。