The United States deported nearly 400,000 unauthorized immigrants under the Secure Communities (SC) interior immigration enforcement program between 2008 and 2014. This paper uses variation in the intensity of deportations across immigrants’ country of origin and city of residence to assess the labor market consequences of SC on foreign‐born women. We find no effect on the total number of employed immigrant women, but both annual wages and the number of hours worked fell. Moreover, SC induced a shift toward occupations with lower average pay and education requirements, higher exposure to hazards, and less contact with others. This is consistent with a chilling effect in labor markets such that some foreign‐born women were willing to sacrifice better pay and working environments for the ability to avoid detection.

中文翻译：

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安全社区对移民女性劳动力市场结果的影响


2008 年至 2014 年期间，美国根据安全社区 （SC） 内部移民执法计划驱逐了近 400,000 名未经授权的移民。本文利用移民原籍国和居住城市驱逐出境强度的变化来评估 SC 对外国出生女性的劳动力市场影响。我们发现就业移民女性的总数没有影响，但年工资和工作小时数都有所下降。此外，SC 导致人们转向平均工资和教育要求较低、暴露于危险中较高且与他人接触较少的职业。这与劳动力市场的寒蝉效应是一致的，以至于一些在外国出生的女性愿意牺牲更好的工资和工作环境来避免被发现。