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Intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring compared with blood glucose monitoring is associated with lower HbA1c and a reduced risk of hospitalisation for diabetes-related complications in adults with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapies
Diabetologia ( IF 8.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-10-26 , DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06289-z
David Nathanson, Katarina Eeg-Olofsson, Tim Spelman, Erik Bülow, Mattias Kyhlstedt, Fleur Levrat-Guillen, Jan Bolinder

Aims/hypothesis

We assessed the impact of initiating intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) compared with capillary blood glucose monitoring (BGM) on HbA1c levels and hospitalisations for diabetes-related complications in adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes in Sweden.

Methods

This retrospective comparative cohort study included adults with type 2 diabetes who had a National Diabetes Register initiation date for isCGM after 1 June 2017. Prescribed Drug Register records identified subgroups treated with multiple daily insulin injections (T2D-MDI) or basal insulin (T2D-B), with or without other glucose-lowering drugs. The National Patient Register provided data on hospitalisation rates.

Results

We identified 2876 adults in the T2D-MDI group and 2292 in the T2D-B group with an isCGM index date after 1 June 2017, matched with 33,584 and 43,424 BGM control participants, respectively. The baseline-adjusted difference in the change in mean HbA1c for isCGM users vs BGM control participants in the T2D-MDI cohort was −3.7 mmol/mol (−0.34%) at 6 months, and this was maintained at 24 months. The baseline-adjusted difference in the change in HbA1c for isCGM users vs BGM control participants in the T2D-B cohort was −3.5 mmol/mol (−0.32%) at 6 months, and this was also maintained at 24 months. Compared with BGM control participants, isCGM users in the T2D-MDI cohort had a significantly lower RR of admission for severe hypoglycaemia (0.51; 95% CI 0.27, 0.95), stroke (0.54; 95% CI 0.39, 0.73), acute non-fatal myocardial infarction (0.75; 95% CI 0.57, 0.99) or hospitalisation for any reason (0.84; 95% CI 0.77, 0.90). isCGM users in the T2D-B cohort had a lower RR of admission for heart failure (0.63; 95% CI 0.46, 0.87) or hospitalisation for any reason (0.76; 95% CI 0.69, 0.84).

Conclusions/interpretation

This study shows that Swedish adults with type 2 diabetes on insulin who are using isCGM have a significantly reduced HbA1c and fewer hospital admissions for diabetes-related complications compared with BGM control participants.

Graphical Abstract



中文翻译:


与血糖监测相比,间歇扫描连续血糖监测与接受胰岛素治疗的 2 型糖尿病成人患者的 HbA1c 降低和糖尿病相关并发症住院风险相关


 目标/假设


我们评估了与毛细血管血糖监测 (BGM) 相比,开始间歇扫描连续血糖监测 (isCGM) 对瑞典胰岛素治疗 2 型糖尿病成人患者 HbA1c 水平和糖尿病相关并发症住院治疗的影响。

 方法


这项回顾性比较队列研究包括 2017 年 6 月 1 日之后国家糖尿病登记处开始 isCGM 的 2 型糖尿病成人患者。处方药登记簿记录确定了接受每日多次胰岛素注射 (T2D-MDI) 或基础胰岛素 (T2D-B) 治疗的亚组,联合或不联合其他降糖药物。国家患者登记册 (National Patient Register) 提供了住院率的数据。

 结果


我们在 T2D-MDI 组中确定了 2876 名成年人,在 T2D-B 组中确定了 2292 名成人,他们的 isCGM 指数日期在 2017 年 6 月 1 日之后,分别与 33,584 名和 43,424 名 BGM 对照参与者相匹配。在 T2D-MDI 队列中,isCGM 使用者与 BGM 对照参与者的平均 HbA1c 变化的基线调整差异在 6 个月时为 -3.7 mmol/mol (-0.34%),并在 24 个月时保持不变。在 T2D-B 队列中,isCGM 使用者与 BGM 对照参与者的 HbA1c 变化的基线调整差异在 6 个月时为 -3.5 mmol/mol (-0.32%),并且在 24 个月时也保持不变。与 BGM 对照组参与者相比,T2D-MDI 队列中的 isCGM 使用者因严重低血糖 (0.51;95% CI 0.27, 0.95)、中风 (0.54;95% CI 0.39, 0.73)、急性非致死性心肌梗死 (0.75;95% CI 0.57, 0.99) 或任何原因住院 (0.84;95% CI 0.77, 0.90) 的入院 RR 显著降低。T2D-B 队列中的 isCGM 使用者因心力衰竭入院 (0.63;95% CI 0.46, 0.87) 或因任何原因住院 (0.76;95% CI 0.69, 0.84) 的 RR 较低。


结论/解释


这项研究表明,与 BGM 对照参与者相比,使用 isCGM 的胰岛素 2 型糖尿病瑞典成人患者的 HbA1c 显著降低,因糖尿病相关并发症入院的人数也更少。

 图形摘要

更新日期:2024-10-26
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