BACKGROUND It is thought that patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are more susceptible to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, but a quantification of this potential risk is largely missing. OBJECTIVE We assessed the impact of COVID-19 on patients with IEI. METHODS A nationwide cohort study was performed to estimate the relative risk (RR) for hospitalization, intensive care, and death within 30 days after a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test result in an IEI population (n = 2392) compared to the general population (n = 8,270,705) using data from Swedish national registries. Three time periods were studied: the prevaccination period, and the Alpha/Delta and Omicron periods. Adjustment was made for demographics, income, comorbidities, and vaccination status. RESULTS During the prevaccination period, 25.2% of the IEI population was hospitalized, compared to 17.5% and 5.2% during the Alpha/Delta and Omicron periods, respectively. For the 3 time periods, the adjusted RR [95% confidence interval] for hospitalization in the IEI population compared to the general population was 3.1 [2.1-4.2], 3.5 [2.4-4.8], and 4.3 [2.5-6.7], respectively. The respective values for intensive care after COVID-19 were 5.6 [2.6-10.8], 4.7 [1.7-10.1], and 4.7 [1.7-10.1] for the 3 periods. Five patients (0.6%) in the IEI population died within 30 days of a positive PCR test result compared to 18,773 (0.2%) in the general population during the 3 study periods. CONCLUSION Patients with IEI had a 3 to 4 times higher risk for hospitalization and a 5 times higher risk for intensive care during COVID-19 compared to the general population.

中文翻译：

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与普通人群相比，先天性免疫缺陷与 COVID-19 相关住院和重症监护的增加有关。


背景 人们认为，患有先天性免疫缺陷 （IEI） 的患者比普通人群更容易感染 2019 年严重冠状病毒病 （COVID-19），但在很大程度上缺乏对这种潜在风险的量化。目的 我们评估了 COVID-19 对 IEI 患者的影响。方法 进行了一项全国性的队列研究，以估计 IEI 人群 （n = 2392） 与一般人群 （n = 8,270,705） 相比，严重急性呼吸系统冠状病毒 2 检测呈阳性后 30 天内住院、重症监护和死亡的相对风险 （RR） 使用来自瑞典国家登记处的数据。研究了三个时间段：疫苗接种前期、Alpha/Delta 和 Omicron 期。根据人口统计、收入、合并症和疫苗接种状况进行了调整。结果在疫苗接种前期间，25.2% 的 IEI 人口住院，而 Alpha/Delta 和 Omicron 期间分别为 17.5% 和 5.2%。在 3 个时间段内，与一般人群相比，IEI 人群住院治疗的校正 RR [95% 置信区间] 分别为 3.1 [2.1-4.2]、3.5 [2.4-4.8] 和 4.3 [2.5-6.7]。COVID-19 后重症监护的 3 个时期分别为 5.6 [2.6-10.8]、4.7 [1.7-10.1] 和 4.7 [1.7-10.1]。在 3 个研究期间，IEI 人群中有 5 名患者 （0.6%） 在 PCR 检测结果呈阳性后 30 天内死亡，而普通人群中有 18,773 名患者 （0.2%）死亡。结论 与普通人群相比，IEI 患者在 COVID-19 期间住院的风险高 3 至 4 倍，重症监护风险高 5 倍。