The acid hydrolysis process was used to create novel millet starch-based nanoparticles from three different sources: sorghum, foxtail millet and pearl millet. An environment-friendly, risk-free ultrasonication technique was used for encapsulating beta carotene in starch nanoparticles to create nanocapsules that will shield the bioactivity of beta carotene in gastrointestinal conditions and increase its accessibility after consumption. Formulated nanocapsules were examined for zeta potential, particle size and encapsulation efficiency. The particle dimensions of beta carotene-loaded sorghum (SSB), foxtail millet (FSB), and pearl millet (PSB) starch nanoparticles were 416, 399 and 587 nm with zeta potential of −17.98, −19.03 and –22.31 mV respectively. Encapsulation efficiencies of nanocapsules were found to be 85.83, 89.65 and 78.32 % for SSB, FSB and PSB respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also harnessed as a confirmatory tests towards the presence of beta carotene in nanocapsules. Beta carotene encapsulation in starch nanoparticles was also demonstrated using ATR-FTIR which revealed broad characteristic peaks at 3000, 1086 and 885 cm−1 that occur without any discernible interaction. Intestinal juice with higher beta carotene content ensured controlled release in the intestine. Encapsulated beta carotene showed more bioactive properties in terms of antioxidant activity as compared to free beta carotene form.

中文翻译：

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使用酸水解和超声法制备负载 β 胡萝卜素的小米淀粉纳米胶囊：表征、释放行为和生物活性保留


酸水解工艺用于从三种不同来源制造新型小米淀粉基纳米颗粒：高粱、谷子和珍珠粟。使用一种环保、无风险的超声技术将 β 胡萝卜素封装在淀粉纳米颗粒中，以制造纳米胶囊，该纳米胶囊将保护 β 胡萝卜素在胃肠道条件下的生物活性，并增加其食用后的可及性。检查配制的纳米胶囊的 zeta 电位、粒径和包封效率。负载 β 胡萝卜素的高粱 （SSB）、谷子 （FSB） 和珍珠粟 （PSB） 淀粉纳米颗粒的颗粒尺寸为 416、399 和 587 nm，zeta 电位分别为 −17.98、−19.03 和 –22.31 mV。纳米胶囊对 SSB、FSB 和 PSB 的包封效率分别为 85.83、89.65 和 78.32 %。扫描电子显微镜 （SEM） 也被用作纳米胶囊中 β 胡萝卜素存在的确认测试。还使用 ATR-FTIR 证明了淀粉纳米颗粒中的 β 胡萝卜素包封，揭示了 3000、1086 和 885 cm-1 处的宽特征峰，这些峰在没有任何可辨别的相互作用的情况下出现。β 胡萝卜素含量较高的肠液可确保在肠道中受控释放。与游离 β 胡萝卜素形式相比，封装的 β 胡萝卜素在抗氧化活性方面显示出更多的生物活性。