Objectives. To quantify the prevalence, correlates, and impacts of displacement because of natural disasters in the United States. Methods. We pooled data across 10 independent survey samples from the Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey from December 2022 to September 2023. Survey questions asked about displacement from home because of natural disasters, duration of displacement, and impacts of disasters. Results. In our weighted sample of 213 234 003 adults, 3 166 500 (1.5%) reported displacement in the past year because of a natural disaster. People of color, sexual and gender minority populations, and those with lower incomes, disabilities, or unfavorable social determinants of health (SDOH) such as food insecurity were more likely to report displacement. Long-term displacement was more common with fires compared with other disasters. Disaster impacts, including food and water shortage, electricity loss, unsanitary conditions, feeling isolated, and experiencing scams, were more common among people of color and individuals with lower education or income. Conclusions. Many people in the United States, particularly from health disparity populations, are displaced because of natural disasters. Addressing SDOH and other vulnerability factors may help improve disaster preparedness and mitigate postdisaster impacts. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print October 24, 2024:e1-e11. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307854).

中文翻译：

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2022 年至 2023 年美国自然灾害导致流离失所的发生率、相关性和影响。


目标。量化美国自然灾害导致流离失所的普遍性、相关性和影响。方法。我们汇总了 2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 9 月期间人口普查局住户脉搏调查的 10 个独立调查样本的数据。调查问题询问了因自然灾害而流离失所、流离失所持续时间和灾害影响的情况。结果。在我们 213 234 003 名成年人的加权样本中，有 3 166 500 人 （1.5%） 报告说在过去一年中因自然灾害而流离失所。有色人种、性少数群体和性别少数群体以及收入较低、残疾或不利的健康社会决定因素 （SDOH） 的人（如粮食不安全）更有可能报告流离失所。与其他灾害相比，火灾造成的长期流离失所更为常见。灾难影响，包括食物和水短缺、电力损失、不卫生的条件、感到孤立和遭受诈骗，在有色人种和教育或收入较低的个人中更为常见。结论。美国的许多人，尤其是来自健康差异人群的人，因自然灾害而流离失所。解决 SDOH 和其他脆弱性因素可能有助于改善备灾并减轻灾后影响。（美国公共卫生杂志。2024 年 10 月 24 日提前在线发布：e1-e11。https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307854）。