Advances in electrolyte chemistry and the development of electrolyte systems have revealed that electrolyte concentration significantly affects battery performance. However, the relationship between electrolyte concentration, polysulfide formation, and lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery performance remains unclear, which hinders the developmental progress of practical Li–S batteries. In this study, we compared the electrolyte structures and performance of Li–S batteries with various electrolyte concentrations and developed a method that links microscopic interactions, apparent electrolyte parameters, and battery performance. The relationship between polysulfides and the electrolyte system was analyzed at various concentrations, which revealed that systems with a low lithium-salt concentration, especially below 1 M, are better suited to practical Li–S batteries and that polysulfides play crucial roles in ion-transport processes under practical conditions. This study supports the development of electrolytes for practical Li–S batteries and provides guidance for controlling ion-transport processes in liquid electrolytes for other secondary batteries.

中文翻译：

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实用的锂硫电池：超越传统的电解质浓度


电解质化学的进步和电解质系统的发展表明，电解质浓度会显著影响电池性能。然而，电解质浓度、多硫化物形成和锂硫 （Li-S） 电池性能之间的关系仍不清楚，这阻碍了实用 Li-S 电池的发展进程。在这项研究中，我们比较了不同电解质浓度的 Li-S 电池的电解质结构和性能，并开发了一种将微观相互作用、表观电解质参数和电池性能联系起来的方法。分析了不同浓度的多硫化物与电解质系统之间的关系，结果表明，低锂盐浓度的系统，尤其是低于 1 M 的系统，更适合实用的 Li-S 电池，并且多硫化物在实际条件下的离子传输过程中起着至关重要的作用。本研究支持开发用于实用 Li-S 电池的电解质，并为控制其他二次电池液体电解质中的离子传输过程提供指导。