Bacterial cellulose composites hold promise as renewable bioinspired materials for industrial and environmental applications. However, their use as free-standing water filtration membranes is hindered by low compressive strength, fouling, and poor contaminant selectivity. This study investigates the potential of bacterial cellulose-graphene oxide composites membranes for fouling resistance in pressure-driven filtration. Graphene oxide dispersed in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400) is incorporated as a reinforcing filler into 3D network of bacterial cellulose using an in-situ synthesis method. The effect of graphene oxide on in situ fermentation yield and the formation of percolated-network in the composites shows that the optimal membrane properties are reached at a graphene oxide loading of 2 mg/mL. The two-dimensional graphene oxide nanosheets uniformly dispersed into the matrix of bacterial cellulose nanofibers via hydrogen-bonded interactions demonstrated nearly twofold higher water flux (380 L m⁻² h⁻¹) with a molecular weight cut-off ranging between 100–200 KDa and a sixfold increase in wet compression strength than pristine BC. When exposed to synthetic organic foulants and bacterial rich feed solutions, the composite membranes showed more than 95% flux recovery. Additionally, the membranes achieved over 95% rejection of synthetic natural organic matter and bacterial rich solutions, showcasing their enhanced fouling resistance and selectivity.

细菌纤维素复合材料有望成为工业和环境应用的可再生生物启发材料。然而，它们作为独立式水过滤膜的使用受到抗压强度低、结垢和污染物选择性差的阻碍。本研究调查了细菌纤维素-氧化石墨烯复合膜在压力驱动过滤中抗污染性的潜力。分散在聚乙二醇中的氧化石墨烯 （PEG-400） 使用原位合成方法作为增强填料掺入细菌纤维素的 3D 网络中。氧化石墨烯对原位发酵产量和复合材料中渗滤网络形成的影响表明，当氧化石墨烯负载量为 2 mg/mL 时，可达到最佳膜性能。通过氢键相互作用均匀分散到细菌纤维素纳米纤维基质中的二维氧化石墨烯纳米片表现出近两倍的水通量 （380 L ^{m-2 h-1}），分子量截止范围在 100-200 KDa 之间，湿压缩强度比原始 BC 高出六倍。当暴露于合成有机污垢和富含细菌的进料溶液中时，复合膜的通量回收率超过 95%。此外，这些膜对合成天然有机物和富含细菌的溶液的截留率超过 95%，展示了其增强的抗污染性和选择性。