Developing artificial autonomous materials is crucial for a deeper understanding of the emergence of life-like behavior. In nature, cells achieve autonomy through chemical processing systems incorporated into soft material-based frameworks. Inspired by natural cells, we herein describe a straightforward methodology for constructing artificial autonomous materials consisting of a polymer-based chemical processing system and a hydrogel-based soft framework. Using a material comprising a hydrogel framework devoid of active components in combination with semi-interpenetrating self-oscillating linear polymers, we discovered that semi-interpenetrating polymer-based chemical processing systems drive the autonomous motion of the hydrogel framework. The material exhibited autonomous volumetric oscillation powered by the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction. Furthermore, the autonomous behavior is controllable by changing the content of the chemical processing system incorporated into the hydrogel framework. Our findings shed light on a class of autonomous materials based on polymer-based chemical processing systems with soft frameworks.

中文翻译：

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由半互穿化学加工系统驱动的水凝胶的自主运动


开发人工自主材料对于更深入地了解类似生命的行为的出现至关重要。在自然界中，细胞通过整合到基于软材料的框架中的化学处理系统来实现自主性。受天然细胞的启发，我们在这里描述了一种构建人工自主材料的简单方法，该方法由基于聚合物的化学加工系统和基于水凝胶的软框架组成。使用由不含活性成分的水凝胶框架组成的材料与半互穿自振荡线性聚合物相结合，我们发现基于半互穿聚合物的化学加工系统驱动水凝胶框架的自主运动。该材料表现出由 Belousov-Zhabotinsky 反应驱动的自主体积振荡。此外，通过改变纳入水凝胶框架的化学加工系统的内容，可以控制自主行为。我们的研究结果揭示了一类基于基于聚合物的化学加工系统且具有软框架的自主材料。