The development of supramolecular chemistry has provided a variety of host molecules and noncovalent tools for boosting catalytic processes, stimulating the emergence and advance of supramolecular catalysis, among which macrocyclic and cage-like compounds have attracted great attention due to their possession of an enzyme-mimetic cavity and recognition ability. While the privileged scaffolds such as crown ethers, cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, and metal-coordinated cages have been widely used, their skeletons usually do not contain a directional binding site; binding and activation mainly rely on cation-associated interactions or hydrophobic effects. In this context, the recent advance of anion supramolecular chemistry has drawn our attention to developing an anion recognition-directed approach by using tailor-made functionalized macrocycles and cages. Anions are important widely existing species in both biological and chemical systems and play an important role in regulating the structure and function of enzymes. We envisioned that by taking advantage of anions, including their rich variety, diverse geometry, and multiple interaction sites, the sophisticated cooperation of multiple noncovalent interactions can be manipulated in a confined cavity for directing efficient and selective catalysis.

中文翻译：

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具有功能大环和分子笼的阴离子识别定向超分子催化


超分子化学的发展为促进催化过程提供了多种宿主分子和非共价工具，刺激了超分子催化的出现和进步，其中大环和笼状化合物因其具有模拟酶腔和识别能力而受到广泛关注。虽然冠醚、环糊精、葫芦脲、卡利沙芳烃和金属配位笼等特权支架已被广泛使用，但它们的骨架通常不包含定向结合位点;结合和激活主要依赖于阳离子相关相互作用或疏水效应。在此背景下，阴离子超分子化学的最新进展引起了我们的注意，即通过使用定制的功能化大环和笼来开发一种阴离子识别导向方法。阴离子是生物和化学系统中广泛存在的重要物种，在调节酶的结构和功能方面发挥着重要作用。我们设想，通过利用阴离子，包括其丰富的品种、多样的几何形状和多个相互作用位点，可以在一个密闭腔中操纵多种非共价相互作用的复杂合作，以指导高效和选择性的催化。