Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) has become ubiquitous in neuroimaging to study disorders, including alcohol use disorder (AUD), given its potential to serve as a biomarker of psychiatric symptoms. The number of techniques, sample heterogeneity, and findings demand the assessment of results to identify potential biomarkers for the development of treatment. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the alcohol rsfMRI literature by summarizing the results by analysis approach and groups to examine these findings in the context of the neurobiology of addiction model. Three databases were systematically searched, resulting in the inclusion of 17 studies with a total of 784 participants (387 were people with AUD, 38 engaged in binge drinking, and 359 were controls). Seed-based functional connectivity studies were the most prominent. Compared to controls, people who binge drink and people with AUD showed greater connectivity of the Middle Frontal Gyrus—a region associated with the preoccupation/anticipation stage of the theory. Regions of the prefrontal and limbic cortex were most consistently reported in studies. The different types of analyses, sample size, and variability in the sample may have contributed to differences reported across studies. This review synthesizes and examines the results of different studies using the neurobiology of addiction theory, which may inform future studies on potential regions of interest, recruitment approaches, and analysis methods. Standardizing the methods for such a heterogeneous population could lead to more rapid development of neurobiologically-informed treatments for AUD.

静息态功能磁共振成像 （rsfMRI） 在神经影像学中无处不在，用于研究包括酒精使用障碍 （AUD） 在内的疾病，因为它有可能作为精神症状的生物标志物。技术的数量、样本异质性和发现需要对结果进行评估，以确定开发治疗的潜在生物标志物。本系统评价旨在通过分析方法和小组总结结果来综合酒精 rsfMRI 文献，以在成瘾模型的神经生物学背景下检查这些发现。系统检索了 3 个数据库，纳入了 17 项研究，共涉及 784 名参与者 （387 名是 AUD 患者，38 名酗酒者，359 名是对照组）。基于种子的功能连接研究最为突出。与对照组相比，酗酒者和 AUD 患者表现出额中回的更大连通性——一个与理论的关注/预期阶段相关的区域。前额叶和边缘皮层的区域在研究中报告最一致。不同类型的分析、样本量和样本的变异性可能导致研究之间报告的差异。本综述综合并检查了使用成瘾神经生物学理论的不同研究结果，这可能为未来关于潜在感兴趣区域、招募方法和分析方法的研究提供信息。为这种异质性人群标准化方法可能会导致 AUD 神经生物学知情治疗的更快发展。