Climate change impacts on the social–ecological conditions that communities depend on may increase the vulnerabilities to new conflicts. Yet, the communities that will be most impacted by climate change, as noted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), are already conflict‐affected communities. Here, we present the results of a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies (n = 212) in Spanish and English on the climate–conflict relationship. We found that most studies are focused on a direct relationship between climate change and violent conflict, and there has been less attention on a contextual or indirect relationship in already conflict‐affected communities. Studies on this contextual or indirect relationship suggest a climate change–conflict cycle that is negatively reinforcing, whereby violent conflict increases climate change vulnerability and feedback from climate change increases violent conflict vulnerability. While limited in number, such studies provide important insights enabling further conceptual development and empirical examination of how climate impacts interact with violent conflict, and how governance efforts can simultaneously support peacebuilding and climate change adaptation. Drawing this work together with the latest frameworks in conflict studies and adaptation, we sketch out a promising synthetic agenda, focusing on how to design policies and projects that build synergistic capacities and address cumulative and interactive impacts of climate change and violent conflict. Without such insight, efforts to treat climate and conflict in parallel may be ineffective or even counterproductive, worsening violent conflict and, in turn, further reducing the capacities of communities to build peace and resilience.

中文翻译：

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适应与和平：扩展气候和受冲突影响社区的能力建设议程


气候变化对社区所依赖的社会生态条件的影响可能会增加对新冲突的脆弱性。然而，正如政府间气候变化专门委员会 （IPCC） 所指出的那样，受气候变化影响最大的社区已经是受冲突影响的社区。在这里，我们介绍了西班牙语和英语关于气候-冲突关系的定量和定性研究 （n = 212） 的系统评价结果。我们发现，大多数研究都集中在气候变化与暴力冲突之间的直接关系上，而对已经受冲突影响的社区的背景或间接关系的关注较少。对这种背景或间接关系的研究表明，气候变化-冲突循环正在消极强化，其中暴力冲突增加了气候变化的脆弱性，而气候变化的反馈增加了暴力冲突的脆弱性。虽然数量有限，但此类研究提供了重要的见解，使气候影响如何与暴力冲突相互作用以及治理工作如何同时支持建设和平和适应气候变化的进一步概念发展和实证检验成为可能。将这项工作与冲突研究和适应的最新框架相结合，我们勾勒出一个有前途的综合议程，重点是如何设计政策和项目，以建立协同能力并应对气候变化和暴力冲突的累积和互动影响。如果没有这种洞察力，同时处理气候和冲突的努力可能会无效，甚至适得其反，加剧暴力冲突，进而进一步削弱社区建立和平与复原力的能力。