In recent years, scholars from different fields have studied the effects of scarcity on social behaviour, producing mixed findings. This review synthesizes the most recent literature on the topic and proposes a framework to organize the evidence. According to this framework, scarcity produces an attentional shift towards the scarce resource and a cognitive load that triggers heuristic thinking; this affects social behaviour in various ways, depending on individual and contextual factors, which can be transient (e.g., emotional states or social expectations), or enduring (e.g., personality or social environment). We then apply this framework to explain when and how scarcity influences parochialism. We conclude with a caution against the uncritical use of scarcity salience as a tool for social behavioural change.

中文翻译：

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为什么稀缺性既可以增加又可以减少亲社会行为：稀缺性和亲社会性之间复杂关系的回顾和理论框架


近年来，来自不同领域的学者研究了稀缺性对社会行为的影响，得出了不同的结果。本综述综合了有关该主题的最新文献，并提出了一个组织证据的框架。根据这个框架，稀缺性会产生对稀缺资源的注意力转移和触发启发式思维的认知负荷;这会以各种方式影响社会行为，具体取决于个人和环境因素，这些因素可能是短暂的（例如，情绪状态或社会期望），也可能是持久的（例如，性格或社会环境）。然后，我们应用这个框架来解释稀缺性何时以及如何影响狭隘主义。最后，我们警告不要不加批判地使用稀缺性显著性作为改变社会行为的工具。