Flooding stress is a growing threat to global soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production as the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitations are increasing due to climate change. Soybean is highly sensitive to flooding and substantial yield losses are observed due to a cascade of negative physiological responses induced by hypoxia. Hence, there is a pressing need for the development of flood‐tolerant genotypes. This study evaluated the grain yield and seed protein and oil content of 31 soybean genotypes over 2 years under both non‐flooding and flooding conditions, where flooding entailed a 4‐day partial water submergence during the early reproductive growth stages R1/R2. Mixed‐effects linear models were utilized to assess the impact of flood damage scores (FDSs, 1–4 scale) on observed phenotypes, as well as differences in observed phenotypes between tolerant, moderate, and susceptible genotypes across flooding and non‐flooding treatments. No significant impact of FDS was observed for seed protein and oil content. In addition, no significant differences in these phenotypes were observed between flooding and non‐flooding treatments across the various genotype categories. On average, for each unit increase in FDS, grain yield decreased by 432.7 kg ha−1 (17.4%). Tolerant genotypes experienced roughly 33% yield losses between flooding and non‐flooding treatments, while moderate and susceptible genotypes experienced 44% and 51% yield losses, respectively. The advancements in genomics and phenomics are promising for the identification and incorporation of novel flood‐tolerant alleles through plant breeding, potentially mitigating flooding‐induced yield losses across diverse environmental conditions.

中文翻译：

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生殖生长期早期洪水对大豆产量和种子组成的影响


由于气候变化，极端降水的频率和强度正在增加，洪水胁迫对全球大豆 [Glycine max （L.） Merr.] 生产构成越来越大的威胁。大豆对洪水高度敏感，由于缺氧引起的一连串负面生理反应，观察到大量的产量损失。因此，迫切需要开发耐洪基因型。本研究评估了 31 种大豆基因型在非洪水和洪水条件下 2 年的产量以及种子蛋白质和含油量，其中洪水导致在早期生殖生长阶段 R1/R2 期间 4 天部分淹没水。混合效应线性模型用于评估洪水损害评分 （FDS，1-4 等级） 对观察到的表型的影响，以及洪水和非洪水处理中耐受、中度和易感基因型之间观察到的表型差异。未观察到 FDS 对种子蛋白质和油含量的显著影响。此外，在各种基因型类别的洪水和非洪水处理之间未观察到这些表型的显著差异。平均而言，FDS 每增加一个单位，粮食产量就会减少 432.7 kg ha-1 （17.4%）。耐受基因型在淹没和非淹没处理之间经历了大约 33% 的产量损失，而中度和易感基因型分别经历了 44% 和 51% 的产量损失。基因组学和表型组学的进步有望通过植物育种鉴定和掺入新的耐洪等位基因，从而有可能减轻不同环境条件下洪水引起的产量损失。