Pharyngitis is an inflammatory condition of the pharynx and/or tonsils commonly seen in both children and adults. Viruses and bacteria represent the most common encountered etiologic agents—yeast/fungi and parasites are infrequently implicated. Some of these are predominantly observed in unique populations (eg, immunocompromised or unvaccinated individuals). This article (part 1 of 3) summarizes the impact of acute pharyngitis on the health care system and reviews the etiologic agents of acute pharyngitis, including both emerging and reemerging pathogens that health care providers should consider when evaluating their patients. Finally, it sets the stage for parts 2 and 3, which discuss the current and evolving state of diagnostic testing for acute pharyngitis.

中文翻译：

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综述：已知、新兴和新出现的咽炎病原体


咽炎是一种常见于儿童和成人的咽部和/或扁桃体炎症性疾病。病毒和细菌是最常见的病原体——酵母/真菌和寄生虫很少涉及。其中一些主要在独特人群中观察到（例如，免疫功能低下或未接种疫苗的个体）。本文（第 1 部分，共 3 部分）总结了急性咽炎对医疗保健系统的影响，并回顾了急性咽炎的病因，包括医疗保健提供者在评估患者时应考虑的新兴和重新出现的病原体。最后，它为第 2 部分和第 3 部分奠定了基础，这些部分讨论了急性咽炎诊断测试的当前和不断发展的状态。