Membrane-bound organelles and membraneless organelles (MLOs) coordinate various biological processes within eukaryotic cells. Among these, stress granules (SGs) are significant cytoplasmic MLOs that form in response to cellular stress, exhibiting liquid-like properties alongside stable substructures. SGs interact with diverse organelles, thereby influencing cellular pathways that are critical in both health and disease contexts. This review discusses the interplay between SGs and organelles and explores the methodologies employed to analyze interactions between SGs and other MLOs. Furthermore, it highlights the pivotal roles SGs play in regulating cellular responses and the pathogenesis of ALS. Gaining insights into these interactions is essential for deciphering the mechanisms underlying both physiological processes and pathological conditions.

中文翻译：

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应激颗粒和细胞器：协调健康和疾病中的细胞反应。


膜结合细胞器和无膜细胞器 （MLO） 协调真核细胞内的各种生物过程。其中，应激颗粒 （SGs） 是在细胞应激下形成的重要细胞质 MLO，表现出液体样特性和稳定的亚结构。SG 与不同的细胞器相互作用，从而影响在健康和疾病环境中都至关重要的细胞通路。本综述讨论了 SG 和细胞器之间的相互作用，并探讨了用于分析 SG 和其他 MLO 之间相互作用的方法。此外，它强调了 SGs 在调节细胞反应和 ALS 发病机制中发挥的关键作用。深入了解这些相互作用对于破译生理过程和病理状况的潜在机制至关重要。