Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous membrane-like vesicles secreted by living cells that are involved in many physiological and pathological processes and act as intermediaries of intercellular communication and molecular transfer. Recent studies have shown that EVs from specific sources regulate tissue repair and regeneration by delivering proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to target cells as signaling molecules. Nanotechnology breakthroughs have facilitated the development and exploration of engineered EVs for tissue repair. Enhancements through gene editing, surface modification, and content modification have further improved their therapeutic efficacy. This review summarizes the potential of EVs in tissue repair and regeneration, their mechanisms of action, and their research progress in regenerative medicine. This review highlights their design logic through typical examples and explores the development prospects of EVs in tissue repair. The aim of this review is to provide new insights into the design of EVs for tissue repair and regeneration applications, thereby expanding their use in regenerative medicine.

中文翻译：

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用于组织修复和再生的工程化细胞外囊泡。


细胞外囊泡 （EV） 是由活细胞分泌的异质膜状囊泡，参与许多生理和病理过程，并充当细胞间通讯和分子转移的中介。最近的研究表明，来自特定来源的 EV 通过将蛋白质、脂质和核酸作为信号分子输送到靶细胞来调节组织修复和再生。纳米技术的突破促进了用于组织修复的工程 EV 的开发和探索。通过基因编辑、表面修饰和内容修饰进行的增强进一步提高了它们的治疗效果。本文总结了 EVs 在组织修复和再生中的潜力、其作用机制及其在再生医学中的研究进展。本文通过典型实例重点介绍其设计逻辑，并探讨 EV 在组织修复中的发展前景。本综述的目的是为用于组织修复和再生应用的 EV 设计提供新的见解，从而扩大它们在再生医学中的应用。