Fibrous microplastics (FMPs), a unique class of microplastics, are increasingly recognized as a significant environmental threat due to their ubiquitous presence and potential risks to ecological and human health. This review provides a comprehensive overview of FMPs, including their sources, prevalence in various environmental media, and potential impacts. FMPs, which can be found in over 90 % of certain environmental samples, originate from a diverse range of sources, including synthetic textiles, landfill waste, industrial emissions, and atmospheric deposition. These persistent pollutants pose a threat to both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Their insidious presence can lead to ingestion by organisms, potentially disrupting ecosystems and posing risks to human health. Addressing the challenge of FMPs requires a multi-faceted approach. Reducing the production and use of synthetic fibers, implementing effective waste management practices, and developing new technologies to remove FMPs from wastewater and the broader environment are all crucial components of the solution. However, further research is essential to fully understand the long-term implications of FMPs on ecosystems and human health, laying the foundation for the development of robust and effective mitigation strategies.

中文翻译：

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环境中的纤维状微塑料：来源、发生、影响和缓解策略


纤维微塑料 （FMP） 是一类独特的微塑料，由于其无处不在的存在以及对生态和人类健康的潜在风险，越来越被认为是一种重大的环境威胁。本综述对 FMP 进行了全面概述，包括其来源、在各种环境介质中的流行率以及潜在影响。FMP 存在于超过 90% 的某些环境样本中，其来源多种多样，包括合成纺织品、垃圾填埋场废物、工业排放物和大气沉积物。这些持久性污染物对陆地和海洋生态系统构成威胁。它们的隐匿存在会导致生物体摄入，从而可能破坏生态系统并对人类健康构成风险。应对 FMP 的挑战需要多方面的方法。减少合成纤维的生产和使用，实施有效的废物管理实践，以及开发新技术以从废水和更广泛的环境中去除 FMP 都是该解决方案的关键组成部分。然而，进一步的研究对于充分了解 FMP 对生态系统和人类健康的长期影响至关重要，为制定稳健有效的缓解策略奠定基础。