Porous nanoreactors mimic the structures and functions of cells, providing an adaptable material with multiple functions and effects. These reactors can be nanoscale containers and shuttles or catalytic centres, drawing in reactants for cascading reactions with multishelled designs. The detailed construction of multi-level reactors at the nanometre scale remains a great challenge, but to regulate the reaction pathways within a reactor, designs of great intricacy are required. In this Review, we define the basic structural characteristics of porous nanoreactors, while also discussing the design principles and synthetic chemistry of these structures with respect to their emerging applications in energy storage and heterogeneous catalysis. Finally, we describe the difficulties of the structural optimization of these reactors and propose possible ways to improve porous nanoreactor design for future applications.

多孔纳米反应器模拟细胞的结构和功能，提供具有多种功能和效果的适应性材料。这些反应器可以是纳米级容器和穿梭子或催化中心，吸入反应物进行多壳层设计的级联反应。纳米级多能级反应器的详细结构仍然是一项巨大的挑战，但为了调节反应器内的反应途径，需要非常复杂的设计。在这篇综述中，我们定义了多孔纳米反应器的基本结构特征，同时还讨论了这些结构的设计原理和合成化学，以及它们在储能和非均相催化中的新兴应用。最后，我们描述了这些反应器结构优化的困难，并提出了改进多孔纳米反应器设计以供未来应用的可能方法。