Background

Fungi are prevalent pathogens that cause substantial yield losses of major crops. Ear rot (ER), which is primarily induced by Fusarium or Aspergillus species, poses a significant challenge to maize production worldwide. ER resistance is regulated by several small effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). To date, only a few ER-related genes have been identified that impede molecular breeding efforts to breed ER-resistant maize varieties.

Aim

of review: Our aim here is to explore the research progress and mine genic resources related to ER resistance, and to propose a regulatory model elucidating the ER-resistant mechanism in maize as well as a trade-off model illustrating how crops balance fungal resistance and grain yield.Key Scientific Concepts of Review: This review presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the research history and current trends in the genetic and molecular regulation underlying ER resistance in maize. Moreover, we analyzed and discovered the genic resources by identifying 162 environmentally stable loci (ESLs) from various independent forward genetics studies as well as 1391 conservatively differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that respond to Fusarium or Aspergillus infection through multi-omics data analysis. Additionally, this review discusses the syntenies found among maize ER, wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB), and rice Bakanae disease (RBD) resistance-related loci, along with the significant overlap between fungal resistance loci and reported yield-related loci, thus providing valuable insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying the trade-offs between yield and defense in crops.

中文翻译：

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抗穗腐病与粮食产量之间的调控平衡及其在玉米和其他作物中的育种应用

 背景

真菌是导致主要作物产量严重损失的常见病原体。穗腐病 （ER） 主要由镰刀菌或曲霉菌属物种诱发，对全球玉米生产构成重大挑战。ER 抗性受几个小效应数量性状位点 （QTL） 的调节。迄今为止，只有少数 ER 相关基因被鉴定出来，这些基因阻碍了培育抗 ER 玉米品种的分子育种工作。

 目的

评论：我们的目的是探索与 ER 抗性相关的研究进展和成因资源，并提出阐明玉米中 ER 抗性机制的调控模型，以及说明作物如何平衡真菌抗性和粮食产量的权衡模型。综述的关键科学概念：本文对玉米 ER 抗性背后的遗传和分子调控的研究历史和当前趋势进行了全面的文献计量分析。此外，我们通过从各种独立的正向遗传学研究中鉴定了 162 个环境稳定基因座 （ESL） 以及 1391 个对镰刀菌或曲霉菌感染有反应的保守差异表达基因 （DEGs），通过多组学数据分析分析和发现了基因资源。此外，本文讨论了在玉米 ER、小麦镰刀菌枯萎病 （FHB） 和水稻巴卡病 （RBD） 抗性相关位点中发现的同线，以及真菌抗性位点与已报道的产量相关位点之间的显着重叠，从而为作物产量和防御之间权衡的调控机制提供了有价值的见解。