The Palpimanidae are one of five extant Palpimanoidea families that occur mainly in South America and Africa, although there are lineages in Madagascar, islands of the Indian Ocean, and parts of Asia. Here we examine the role of plate tectonics in shaping the distribution of Palpimanidae. We perform molecular sequencing via target enrichment, which makes use of fragmented DNA, because most specimens are stored in natural history museum collections and were not properly preserved for molecular sequencing. We perform phylogenetic analysis, divergence dating, and ancestral range reconstructions to assess whether continental vicariance shaped the evolution of Palpimanidae. We also examine evolution of eye loss via ancestral character reconstruction. We report the first Palpimanidae phylogeny based on genomic data that samples the majority of Chediminae genera. Results suggest that Palpimanidae originated in the Triassic, with diversification spanning the Jurassic to the Cretaceous. Vicarance played a role in early diversification, with later range expansion out of Africa. Based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis, Sceliraptor is synonymized with Sarascelis, Sceliscelis is synonymized with Scelidocteus, and the new genus and species Sitamacho tao gen. nov., sp. nov. is described, with three species transferred from Hybosida.

中文翻译：

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系统发育和生物地理学支持 Palpimanidae 蜘蛛 （Araneae） 的古代代产和随后从非洲扩散


Palpimanidae 是现存的五个 Palpimanoidea 科之一，主要分布在南美洲和非洲，尽管在马达加斯加、印度洋岛屿和亚洲部分地区也有谱系。在这里，我们研究了板块构造在塑造 Palpimanidae 分布中的作用。我们通过靶向富集进行分子测序，利用片段化的 DNA，因为大多数标本都存储在自然历史博物馆的收藏中，没有得到妥善保存以进行分子测序。我们进行系统发育分析、分歧测年和祖先范围重建，以评估大陆替代作用是否塑造了 Palpimanidae 的进化。我们还通过祖先特征重建检查了眼睛丧失的进化。我们根据对大多数 Chediminae 属进行采样的基因组数据报告了第一个 Palpimanidae 系统发育。结果表明，Palpimanidae 起源于三叠纪，多样化跨越侏罗纪到白垩纪。Vicarance 在早期的多元化中发挥了作用，后来将范围扩展到非洲以外。根据形态学和系统发育分析，Sceliraptor 与 Sarascelis 同义，Sceliscelis 与 Scelidocteus 同义，新属和种 Sitamacho tao gen. nov.， sp. nov.，其中三个物种转移自 Hybosida。