The rapid integration of these artificial intelligence (AI) tools into our daily lives is reshaping how we think and make decisions¹. We propose that data-driven AI systems, by transcending individual artefacts and interfacing with a dynamic, multiartefact ecosystem, constitute a distinct psychological system. We call this ‘system 0’, and position it alongside Kahneman’s system 1 (fast, intuitive thinking) and system 2 (slow, analytical thinking)².

System 0 represents the outsourcing of certain cognitive tasks to AI, which can process vast amounts of data and perform complex computations beyond human capabilities. It emerges from the interaction between users and AI systems, which creates a dynamic, personalized interface between humans and information.

这些人工智能 （AI） 工具迅速融入我们的日常生活，正在重塑我们的思考和决策方式¹。我们提出，数据驱动的人工智能系统通过超越单个人工制品并与动态的多人工制品生态系统相连接，构成了一个独特的心理系统。我们称之为“系统 0”，并将其与 Kahneman 的系统 1（快速、直觉思维）和系统 2（缓慢、分析性思维）² 并列。

系统 0 表示将某些认知任务外包给 AI，AI 可以处理大量数据并执行超出人类能力的复杂计算。它源于用户与 AI 系统之间的交互，从而在人与信息之间创建了一个动态的个性化界面。