Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) holds the potential to transform the delivery, cultivation and evaluation of human learning. Here the authors examine the integration of GenAI as a tool for human learning, addressing its promises and challenges from a holistic viewpoint that integrates insights from learning sciences, educational technology and human–computer interaction. GenAI promises to enhance learning experiences by scaling personalized support, diversifying learning materials, enabling timely feedback and innovating assessment methods. However, it also presents critical issues such as model imperfections, ethical dilemmas and the disruption of traditional assessments. Thus, cultivating AI literacy and adaptive skills is imperative for facilitating informed engagement with GenAI technologies. Rigorous research across learning contexts is essential to evaluate GenAI’s effect on human cognition, metacognition and creativity. Humanity must learn with and about GenAI, ensuring that it becomes a powerful ally in the pursuit of knowledge and innovation, rather than a crutch that undermines our intellectual abilities.

生成式人工智能 （GenAI） 具有改变人类学习的交付、培养和评估的潜力。在这里，作者研究了 GenAI 作为人类学习工具的集成，从整合了学习科学、教育技术和人机交互见解的整体角度解决了它的承诺和挑战。GenAI 承诺通过扩展个性化支持、多样化学习材料、实现及时反馈和创新评估方法来增强学习体验。然而，它也提出了一些关键问题，如模型不完善、道德困境和对传统评估的破坏。因此，培养 AI 素养和适应技能对于促进对 GenAI 技术的知情参与至关重要。跨学习环境的严格研究对于评估 GenAI 对人类认知、元认知和创造力的影响至关重要。人类必须与 GenAI 一起学习并了解 GenAI，确保它成为追求知识和创新的强大盟友，而不是削弱我们智力能力的拐杖。