While lipids serve as important energy reserves, metabolites, and cellular constituents in all forms of life, these macromolecules also function as unique carriers of information in plant communication given their diverse chemical structures. The signal transduction process involves a sophisticated interplay between messengers, receptors, signal transducers, and downstream effectors. Over the years, an array of plant signaling proteins have been identified for their crucial roles in perceiving lipid signals. However, the mechanistic effects of lipid binding on protein functions remain largely elusive. Recent literature has presented numerous fascinating models that illustrate the significance of protein–lipid interactions in mediating signaling responses. This review focuses on the category of lipophilic signaling proteins that encompass a hydrophobic binding pocket located outside of cellular membranes and provides an update on the lessons learned from two of these structures, namely the acyl-CoA-binding and START domains. It begins with a brief overview of the latest advances in understanding the functions of the two protein families in plant communication. The second part highlights five functional mechanisms of lipid ligands in concert with their target signaling proteins.

中文翻译：

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可溶性信号蛋白中脂质结合口袋的机制效应：来自酰基辅酶 A 结合和包含 START 结构域的蛋白质的经验教训


虽然脂质在所有形式的生命中都是重要的能量储备、代谢物和细胞成分，但鉴于其不同的化学结构，这些大分子在植物通讯中也发挥着独特的信息载体的作用。信号转导过程涉及信使、受体、信号传感器和下游效应子之间复杂的相互作用。多年来，已经确定了一系列植物信号蛋白，因为它们在感知脂质信号中起着关键作用。然而，脂质结合对蛋白质功能的机制影响在很大程度上仍然难以捉摸。最近的文献提出了许多引人入胜的模型，这些模型说明了蛋白质-脂质相互作用在介导信号转导反应中的重要性。本综述重点介绍了包含位于细胞膜外的疏水结合口袋的亲脂性信号转导蛋白类别，并提供了从其中两种结构（即酰基辅酶 A 结合域和 START 结构域）中吸取的经验教训的最新信息。它首先简要概述了了解两个蛋白质家族在植物通讯中功能的最新进展。第二部分重点介绍脂质配体与其靶标信号转导蛋白协同作用的五种功能机制。