The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in head acceleration event (HAE) incidence between training and match‐play in women's and men's players competing at the highest level of domestic rugby union globally. Players from Women's (Premiership Women's Rugby, Farah Palmer Cup) and Men's (Premiership Rugby, Currie Cup) rugby union competitions wore instrumented mouthguards during matches and training sessions during the 2022/2023 seasons. Peak linear (PLA) and angular (PAA) acceleration were calculated from each HAE and included within generalized linear mixed‐effects models. The incidence of HAEs was significantly greater in match‐play compared to training for all magnitude thresholds in both forwards and backs, despite players spending approximately 1.75–2.5 times more time in training. For all HAEs (PLA > 5 g and PAA > 400 rad/s2), incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for match versus training ranged from 2.80 (95% CI: 2.38–3.30; men's forwards) to 4.00 (3.31–4.84; women's forwards). At higher magnitude thresholds (PLA > 25 g; PAA > 2000 rad/s2), IRRs ranged from 3.64 (2.02–6.55; PAA > 2000 rad/s2 in men's backs) to 11.70 (6.50–21.08; PAA > 2000 rad/s2 in women's forwards). Similar trends were observed in each competition. Players experienced significantly more HAEs during match‐play than training, particularly at higher magnitude thresholds. Where feasible, HAE mitigation strategies may have more scope for HAE reduction if targeted at match‐play, particularly where higher magnitude HAEs are the primary concern. However, the number of HAEs associated with different training drills requires exploration to understand if HAEs can be reduced in training, alongside optimizing match performance (e.g., enhancing contact technique).

中文翻译：

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顶级国内高级女子和男子橄榄球联盟的训练和比赛相关头部加速事件：一项多联赛器化护齿器研究


本研究的目的是调查在全球最高水平的国内橄榄球联盟中参加比赛的女子和男子球员在训练和比洞赛之间头部加速事件 （HAE） 发生率的差异。在 2022/2023 赛季，女子橄榄球（英超女子橄榄球、法拉赫·帕尔默杯）和男子（英超橄榄球、库里杯）橄榄球联盟比赛的球员在比赛和训练期间佩戴了带乐器的护齿器。根据每个 HAE 计算峰值线性 （PLA） 和角 （PAA） 加速度，并将其包含在广义线性混合效应模型中。与前锋和后卫所有幅度阈值的训练相比，HAE 的发生率在比洞赛中明显更高，尽管球员在训练中花费的时间大约多 1.75-2.5 倍。对于所有 HAE（PLA > 5 g 和 PAA > 400 rad/s2），比赛与训练的发生率比 （IRR） 从 2.80（95% CI：2.38-3.30;男子前锋）到 4.00（3.31-4.84;女子前锋）不等。在更高的幅度阈值（PLA > 25 g;PAA > 2000 rad/s2），IRR 范围为 3.64（2.02–6.55;PAA > 2000 rad/s2 在男子背部）降至 11.70 （6.50–21.08;PAA > 2000 rad/s2 在女子前锋中）。在每场比赛中都观察到了类似的趋势。球员在比洞赛中经历的 HAE 明显多于训练，尤其是在更高幅度的阈值下。在可行的情况下，如果针对比洞赛，HAE 缓解策略可能具有更大的减少 HAE 的空间，尤其是在主要关注更高幅度的 HAE 的情况下。然而，需要探索与不同训练演习相关的 HAE 数量，以了解是否可以在训练中减少 HAE，同时优化比赛表现（例如，增强接触技术）。