Membrane technology stands as a leading method for water and wastewater treatments. MXene, a type of two-dimensional material, has garnered significant interest as a promising next-generation membrane material. Its customizable pore structure, uniform pore size, and hydrophilicity make it highly suitable for membrane separation technologies. This work elucidates the modification strategies employed by MXene-based membranes (MBMs) and evaluates their performances. Initially, the preparation of MXene nanosheets, pivotal to membrane fabrication, is detailed. Subsequently, the fabrication methods and existing problems of MBMs are presented. Furthermore, we emphasize the modification strategies employed to enhance the performance of MBMs. These encompass the regulation of MXene nanosheets in terms of lateral size, terminal functional groups, and in-plane pores. Furthermore, adjustments are made to the membrane assembly processes, focusing on controlling the interlayer spacing. This includes methods such as self-crosslinking, insertion, and the incorporation of hybrid functional layers. Additionally, surface modifications encompass the regulation of surface charge, surface wettability, and management of surface defects. Next, we delineate the key membrane applications, encompassing separation mechanisms and their promising utilities. Lastly, we present the challenges and opportunities that MBMs face in the field of water purification, with the hope of providing profound insights into the design and synthesis of advanced MBMs.

中文翻译：

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MXene 基膜在水和废水处理中的改性策略研究进展


膜技术是水和废水处理的领先方法。MXene 是一种二维材料，作为一种有前途的下一代膜材料，引起了人们的极大兴趣。其可定制的孔结构、均匀的孔径和亲水性使其非常适合膜分离技术。这项工作阐明了基于 MXene 的膜 （MBM） 采用的修饰策略并评估了它们的性能。最初，详细介绍了对膜制造至关重要的 MXene 纳米片的制备。随后，介绍了 MBMs 的制造方法和存在的问题。此外，我们强调了用于提高 MBM 性能的修饰策略。这些包括对 MXene 纳米片的横向尺寸、末端官能团和面内孔的调节。此外，还对膜组装过程进行了调整，重点是控制层间距。这包括自交联、插入和混合官能层的掺入等方法。此外，表面改性包括表面电荷的调节、表面润湿性和表面缺陷的管理。接下来，我们描述了关键的膜应用，包括分离机制及其有前途的用途。最后，我们介绍了 MBM 在水净化领域面临的挑战和机遇，希望为先进 MBM 的设计和合成提供深刻的见解。