Glyphosate, a commonly used herbicide, has been associated with environmental pollution and potential health risks to aquatic organisms. This study investigated the effects of glyphosate on the muscle metabolism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) following exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations. Over a 14-day exposure period to varying glyphosate levels, significant disruptions were observed in antioxidant capacity and muscle health. These disruptions were evidenced by reductions in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreases in activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, exposure to glyphosate resulted in a reduction of vitamin E content and an elevation of hormonal levels, suggesting the potential for endocrine disruption. Metabolomics analysis identified 605 distinct metabolites, with notable alterations in amino acid, carbohydrate, and nucleotide metabolism pathways. Specifically, arginine and glutathione metabolisms were severely impacted, with decreases in key amino acids such as glycine and glutathione at higher glyphosate concentrations. Nucleotide metabolism, particularly purine synthesis, was also significantly affected, with reduced levels of deoxyguanosine and other purine-related compounds. The study further investigated the origins of these differential metabolites using the MetOrigin platform, suggesting a potential involvement of the intestinal microbiota in the metabolic response to glyphosate. These findings highlight the multifaceted adverse effects of glyphosate on fish muscle, including oxidative stress and metabolic dysregulation, which may contribute to diminished muscle quality and health risks for aquatic organisms.

中文翻译：

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草甘膦对草鱼肌肉代谢的有害影响 （Ctenopharyngodon idellus）


草甘膦是一种常用的除草剂，与环境污染和水生生物的潜在健康风险有关。本研究调查了草甘膦对草鱼 （Ctenopharyngodon idellus） 暴露于环境相关浓度后肌肉代谢的影响。在不同水平的草甘膦暴露 14 天期间，观察到抗氧化能力和肌肉健康受到严重破坏。总抗氧化能力 （T-AOC） 降低、丙二醛 （MDA） 水平增加以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 （GSH-PX） 和过氧化氢酶 （CAT） 活性降低证明了这些破坏。此外，暴露于草甘膦导致维生素 E 含量降低和荷尔蒙水平升高，表明可能存在内分泌紊乱。代谢组学分析确定了 605 种不同的代谢物，氨基酸、碳水化合物和核苷酸代谢途径发生了显著改变。具体来说，精氨酸和谷胱甘肽代谢受到严重影响，甘氨酸和谷胱甘肽等关键氨基酸在草甘膦浓度较高时减少。核苷酸代谢，尤其是嘌呤合成，也受到显着影响，脱氧鸟苷和其他嘌呤相关化合物的水平降低。该研究使用 MetOrigin 平台进一步调查了这些差异代谢物的来源，表明肠道微生物群可能参与对草甘膦的代谢反应。这些发现强调了草甘膦对鱼肌肉的多方面不利影响，包括氧化应激和代谢失调，这可能导致肌肉质量下降和水生生物的健康风险。